Field management scheme of winter wheat returning to green period

The turning green period of wheat is the key period for the production of spring tillers and the formation of new roots in spring. If it is not managed properly, it will easily lead to the contradiction between aboveground growth and underground growth, as well as the contradiction between effective tillers and ineffective tillers, affecting the robust growth of wheat seedlings. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, we should focus on preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature, supplemented by fertilization. Main objectives: to promote winter tillers, increase spring tillers, promote roots, control prosperity, ensure sufficient effective panicles, achieve the goal of large panicles and more grains, and lay a good foundation for high yield and high yield.

Seedling management

The main goal of the return to green period is to promote and control the combination and cultivate strong stalks and large ears. For the strong seedlings with a total stem number of more than 700000 / 667m2 before winter, ① mainly controls and promotes the combination of control. The key is to loosen soil ventilation, increase temperature and preserve soil moisture, control up and down, increase effective tillers and reduce ineffective tillers. For medium seedlings with a total stem number of 50 ~ 700000 / 667m2 before winter, insufficient total stem number and insufficient panicle number before winter are the main reasons that affect the yield of ②. The key measures are to protect winter tillers and increase spring tillers, pay close attention to the number of panicles, timely return to green fertilizer, irrigate green water, and strive for more panicles as much as possible. For the weak seedlings whose total stem number is less than 500000 / 667m ~ 2 in the fields with late sowing, poor soil fertility, insufficient base fertilizer or frost damage, ③ should irrigate in time, apply more returning green fertilizer properly, strive for tillering in early spring and promote the rapid transformation of wheat seedlings.

Field management measures

1. Spring Harrow

Spring rake can loosen soil and preserve soil moisture, raise soil temperature, promote root and tiller, and eliminate weeds. Spring rake must ensure its quality, otherwise it will not play its due role. In order to ensure the quality of the spring rake, it is generally appropriate to rake the ground when the surface begins to turn white after the beginning of spring, wet rake too early and dry the soil too late. The suitable tool for raking the ground is an iron T-shaped rake with a depth of 3cm and a wicker wicker woven behind the iron rake, which can improve the effect of crushing soil and cleaning seedlings and improve the quality of the harrowed land.

2. Irrigation

When the ground temperature of 5 cm is more than 5 ℃ and the wheat field is completely thawed, it can be irrigated. Generally irrigating head water in the middle and late April, topdressing urea 1015kg per 667 square meters, irrigating the second water at intervals of 8 to 12 days, and topdressing urea according to the seedling stage before the second or third water. The total topdressing capacity of 667 square meters is 20,30kg.

3. Control weeds

Wheat fields are mainly dicotyledonous weeds. In order to use chemical weeding, we must master the following three points:

The practice of ① selecting herbicides according to local conditions for many years has proved that, in addition to special herbicides for wheat, such as Poma and Mengqi (mainly to control Monocotyledon weeds, such as Setaria viridis, paspalum, wild oat, etc.), the herbicides suitable for wheat fields are mainly 2Quint 4D butyl ester and dimethyltetrachloride, mainly to control dicotyledonous weeds, such as Chenopodium frutescens, Chenopodium chinense, Shepherd's purse, etc. They have their own advantages: dimethyl tetrachloride has low temperature requirements, no drift, and is not easy to damage the surrounding dicotyledonous crops, such as safflower, melons and some trees. But the dosage is large, and compared with 2mai 4murine D butyl ester, the herbicidal effect is not ideal. 2mae4Mel D butyl ester requires a higher temperature, generally more than 15 ℃, the effect is significant, but it is drifting, it is easy to damage the surrounding dicotyledonous crops with the wind, and the weeding effect is good. It can be selected according to the actual situation.

The best time for ② to grasp the spraying time of chemical weeding in winter wheat field is before the jointing of wheat seedlings, and the best time to control weeds is at the stage of 2-4 leaves, because at this time, the overwintering weeds and early spring weeds are small, and the weeds in late spring are still tender, and the effect is obvious. If spraying after jointing, the weeds are large and the weed control effect is not good, and it is easy to cause drug damage to crops.

The dosage of ③ to control dicotyledonous weeds: 200g ~ 300g of dimethyl tetrachloride, spraying 30kg of water, or spraying 20g of 2meme 4muryl D butyl ester 60kg 100g, 30kg of water foliar spray.

667 square meters with 40-50 ml of horse, or 60-70 ml of mighty horse, 30 kg of water foliar spray to control monocotyledon weeds.

When broad-leaved weeds in wheat fields are mixed with Gramineae weeds, Puma can be mixed with 2mae 4murD butyl ester or dimethyl tetrachloride bucket to achieve the purpose of controlling monocotyledon and dicotyledonous weeds at one time, and increase the dosage of Puma to 667 square meters with 70-80 milliliters.

The spraying dose varies with the temperature and the number of weeds, but it should not be excessive, otherwise it will cause drug damage. No matter what kind of dose is used, it should be sprayed evenly according to the topography and wind direction. It is generally sprayed in the evening, when the plant has the strongest physiological water absorption, remarkable efficacy and good herbicidal effect.