Factors affecting Maize harvest and treatment measures

The phenomena that corn does not bear ear or has ear but does not bear fruit and grain are not full are common in the corn production field in our region, which affects the improvement of corn yield.

Influencing factors

1. Variety selection

The inbred lines have serious hybrid degradation, poor seed quality, low purity and poor ontogeny of their parents, thus reducing the yield-increasing effect of hybrids, and the effects of internal factors of seeds, such as degradation of physiological function, metabolic disorder, disturbance of transport system in vivo, etc., resulting in no ear and affecting yield.

2. Soil fertility

The fertility of the field is poor, the content of organic matter is low, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is out of proportion, the lack of boron and zinc fertilizer and the lack of topdressing fertilizer make the ear develop slowly, can not pollinate normally and increase the empty stem rate.

3. Cultivation density

When the planting density is too high, the plants cover each other, resulting in poor filament development and poor pollination, resulting in reduced yield.

4. Diseases and insect pests

There are many diseases and insect pests in maize, especially large (small) spot, smut, corn borer, leafhopper and so on, which destroy the female ear tissue of maize, consume nutrients in the plant, affect ear development and reduce yield.

5. Climatic factors

Rain Water is too large, poor ventilation and light transmission, dry and hot air or mid-term low temperature cold injury, untimely heading, affect or restrain young panicle differentiation, resulting in reduced yield.

Treatment measures

1. Variety selection

The varieties with good yield, high yield potential, good quality, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and compact type were selected. the main varieties in northern Xinjiang were Xinyu 18, Denghai 9, SC~704 and Nongda 108.

2. Seed treatment

Before sowing, the seeds were coated and dried, and the seeds were mixed with carbendazim powder 1 ∶ 1000 to control diseases and insect pests.

3. Sowing time

The determination of sowing date in various places must be based on the local climatic data over the years and the law of meteorological disasters, and the period of maize male selection and pollination should be arranged before the summer drought, and the sowing date of plastic film mulching and transplanting is 10 to 15 days earlier than that of conventional planting. It is appropriate to avoid the local frost period in the transplanting period and the emergence stage of plastic film mulched corn. In the suitable sowing period, grab the moisture and sow early, make full use of the favorable climatic conditions in late spring and early summer to avoid summer drought. The temperature in our area is low in the early stage, and the aboveground growth is slow, so it is easy to squat seedlings to promote strong, which can enhance the drought resistance. Timely early sowing can also prolong the growth period, increase the accumulation of nutrients, and create conditions for large panicles, many grains, full grains and increasing grain weight.

4. Fertilizer and water management

According to the formula fertilization, skillfully apply potash fertilizer, supplement boron, zinc and other micro-fertilizer, topdressing should be light seedling fertilizer, skillful application of jointing fertilizer, heavy application of panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer. When the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer is insufficient, it should be properly increased at the jointing or trumpet stage. 667 square meters of corn will be topdressing 10 kg of urea at the jointing stage, and the field capacity will be maintained at 65% and 70%. In the big trumpet mouth period, 667 square meters of urea 1015kg, the water holding capacity between tenants is maintained at 70% 80%, if the soil water holding capacity is lower than this level, timely irrigation. In the flowering pollination and filling stage, 667 square meters topdressing 5 kg of urea. Plant growth regulators were sprayed on the leaves of maize during the growing period to prolong the functional period of leaves, promote root and stalk, and meet the nutrient needs of ear differentiation.

5. Planting density

The planting density of maize was determined according to soil fertility, fertilization level, variety characteristics, cultivation level and other factors. For the varieties with middle and late maturity, long growth period and large spike type, it is suitable to retain 3800000 plants per square meter and 4200 ~ 4500 plants per square meter for the varieties with middle and early maturity, short growth period and spikelet type. When determining the density, the density of the same variety should not only fully consider the plant type structure, but also consider the sowing date, the fertility level of the planting plot, the fertilizer field should be sparse, the thin field should be dense, adjust measures to local conditions and grasp flexibly.

6. Field management measures

Maize seedlings grow to 3-leaf time seedlings, and then remove crowded seedlings, weak seedlings and diseased seedlings. When the corn seedling grows to 5 leaves, the seedling density is determined according to the predetermined seedling density, so as to get rid of the weak and strong, to the small and the big, to strive for the seedling to be uniform and the whole seedling to be strong. Do a good job in weeding by ploughing and monitoring diseases and insect pests. Spot film control is the main method, universal chemical control is prohibited, and the method of heart drop and spray is adopted when insect pests occur, and the control effect is obvious. Every 667 square meters with carbofuran granules 1 kg, 5 kg 2 kg plus sand or fine slag 15 kg 20 kg, mix evenly and sprinkle in the corn heart leaves.

The male can be removed every other line before flowering, and if the bract is too long, the top can be cut off 3-7 cm. At the same time, on a sunny morning, the pollination will be done by rope-pulling method or shaking plant method, once every 2-3 days, 2-3 times in a row, which can increase the chance of pollination and promote the fullness of the ear. In the middle and later stages of corn leaf silk, for the single plant that has not yet formed a stick, the stem between the first and second leaves of the upper part of the plant will be slightly broken so as not to break it as appropriate to increase the chance of pollination.