Field Management techniques of Wheat

Seedling emergence and tillering stage

1. Fertility characteristics

The stage of seedling emergence and tillering begins from sowing and emergence to jointing.

① spring wheat enters the stage of young panicle extension from seedling emergence to jointing 4 leaves.

② semiwinter wheat enters the stage of young panicle elongation from emergence to jointing 5 leaves.

③ winter wheat enters the stage of young panicle extension from seedling emergence to jointing 7-8 leaves.

2. Cultivation characteristics

① wants Miao Qi and Miao Zhuang.

② strives for early tillering and early rooting.

③ achieves strong seedlings to survive the winter.

④ accumulates a lot of nutrients, which is conducive to safe overwintering and lays the foundation for increasing production.

3. Management measures

① seedling fertilizer: apply quick-acting fertilizer after finishing seedlings, promote seedling growth and tiller early, generally topdressing urea 5-8 jin per mu.

② tillering fertilizer: the amount of tillering fertilizer should not be too much, to prevent the growth before winter, reduce the cold resistance, generally topdressing urea 8-10 jin per mu.

③ wax fertilizer: after the Winter Solstice, 2000 jin of organic fertilizer is generally applied to consolidate the tillering before winter and promote the differentiation of young spikes.

④ chemical weeding: spray with 25% chlorotolone wettable powder 200g-300g with water 120jin after sowing to before emergence, the best spray during rain.

⑤ wheat pressing: wheat pressing is generally carried out during the overwintering period, which can suppress the strong and strong seedlings, control up and down, shorten the length of the first and second internodes at the base of the stem, increase the thickness and improve the lodging resistance.

⑥ prevention of freezing injury: the main measures to prevent frost injury are to select varieties with strong cold resistance, sow seeds at the right time, cultivate strong seedlings, water before the cold wave comes, and reduce freezing injury.

Jointing and booting stage

1. Fertility characteristics

The jointing and booting stage includes jointing, booting, heading and other growth stages, which belongs to the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. When the temperature rises above 10 ℃ in early spring, the wheat begins to jointing, and the tillers after jointing are generally invalid tillers. The floret differentiation and partial degeneration occurs after booting. Stem and leaf growth was dominant at jointing stage and stem and panicle growth was dominant at booting stage.

2. Topdressing

① jointing stage: generally about 15 jin of urea per mu, increase grain and weight, prevent premature senility.

② booting stage: generally topdressing urea 5-6 jin per mu to increase panicle nutrition supply and promote the development of reproductive organs.

3. Clearing ditches and discharging stains

Wheat jointing began from late February to early March, and Rain Water increased gradually in March, which led to the occurrence of various diseases of wheat. attention should be paid to clearing ditches and draining water, lowering water level and reducing diseases in wheat fields.

4. Prevention of lodging

① adopts dwarf variety.

② uses fertilizer and water rationally.

③ can control the growth of wheat, and when wheat is overgrowing, it can be prevented and treated with Dwarf.

Heading and ripening stage

1. Fertility characteristics

This stage refers to the reproductive growth period of wheat after heading. The wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River heads around mid-April, and the heading time is about 40 days. This stage is not only the period of wheat grain formation, but also the key period to determine the number of wheat grains.

2. Rational drainage and irrigation

After heading, the physiological water requirement of wheat increases, which is the peak of water demand in wheat life. It is generally required that the soil water content is about 70% of the maximum water capacity in the field. It is rainy in April and May in the south, so we should pay attention to clear ditches and drain stains so that open water can drain and dark water can filter.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: there are armyworm, aphid, scab, powdery mildew and rust in the later stage of wheat growth.

① pests: insecticides can be used to control.

② disease: one is the control of scab. Mixture of carbendazim and trichlorfon can be used. Also treat the prevention and treatment of powdery mildew. The second is the prevention and control of rust. Can use rust sodium or rust acid, diluted 200 times liquid, mixed with 2 taels of washing powder for prevention and control.