Answers to 10 questions about Wheat cultivation techniques

Q: what is the vernalization of wheat?

Answer: after wheat seeds germinate, its growth point not only requires certain comprehensive conditions, but also goes through a period of influence with low temperature as the dominant factor, and then it can heading and fruiting, otherwise it will not bear fruit all its life. this phenomenon is called vernalization of wheat; this period of low temperature effect is called vernalization stage of wheat; this characteristic is also called temperature sensitivity of wheat.

Q: what is the sign of wheat passing the vernalization stage?

A: in addition to the comprehensive conditions required in the vernalization stage of wheat, low temperature plays a leading role; the organs that accept low temperature response in the vernalization stage of wheat are the growth point of germinating seed embryo or the growth point of green seedling stem. If the conditions are suitable, it can start with seed germination, but generally speaking, the growth cone elongation period is the sign of the vernalization stage of wheat, and the double ridge stage is the sign of the end of the vernalization stage of wheat.

Q: according to the temperature sensitivity of wheat, how many types of wheat varieties are divided into?

Answer: according to the degree and duration of low temperature required in the vernalization stage of wheat, wheat can be divided into the following three types, namely, winter variety, semi-winter variety and spring variety.

Q: what is a winter variety?

Answer: the suitable temperature for vernalization is 0: 3 ℃, which takes more than 30 days. These varieties are prostrate at seedling stage, have strong cold tolerance and are extremely sensitive to temperature. Seeds without vernalization treatment can not heading in spring.

Q: what is a semi-winter variety?

Answer: the suitable temperature to pass the vernalization stage is 0: 7 ℃, and the time is 15-35 days. This kind of variety is semi-creeping at seedling stage and has strong cold tolerance. Generally, it can not heading or delayed heading in spring sowing, and the heading is extremely irregular.

Q: what is a spring variety?

Answer: the suitable temperature to pass the vernalization stage is 0: 12 ℃, and the time is 5: 15 days. These varieties are upright at seedling stage, have poor cold tolerance, are not sensitive to temperature, and their seeds can heading and fruiting normally without vernalization treatment.

Q: what is the misunderstanding that is easy to make in the selection of wheat varieties?

A: one of the misunderstandings: one-sided innovation. We know that formal new crop varieties generally refer to those varieties that have been examined and approved by the Provincial crop Variety approval Committee through regional tests, production tests and provincial crop variety approval committees, with excellent performance in yield, quality, resistance and so on. However, in the market, some units and individuals are often driven by interests to publicize new strains that have just been cultivated and have not gone through regional and production tests to farmers in the name of new varieties, and some even promote the lines that have been eliminated in the name of new varieties, resulting in reduced production or no harvest after introduction by some farmers.

The second misunderstanding: do not look at the scope of adaptation, blindly pursue large panicle varieties. We know that large-spike wheat has larger grains and better seed appearance, and generally has higher yield-increasing potential, but it does not mean that high yield can be obtained by planting large-spike wheat varieties. Because each wheat variety has a certain regional adaptability, good varieties from other places are not necessarily suitable to be planted locally. Under normal circumstances, cross-region planting varieties generally can not guarantee the due yield level, and most of them can not get high yield. The scientific approach is to select varieties with good commodity, outstanding excellent characters and suitable for local ecological conditions and soil fertility according to market demand and local conditions.

The third misunderstanding: do not look at the soil conditions, one-sided pursuit of high fertilizer and water varieties. Each variety has its own adaptive soil fertility level, and high fertilizer and water varieties can give full play to their yield-increasing potential only when planted in high-fertilizer and water plots. If planted in medium-and low-yield fields, there are often some phenomena, such as premature senescence, dry and dry, not full grains, low flour yield, low yield and so on. Similarly, when medium fertilizer and water or dryland varieties are planted in high fertilizer and water plots, lodging often occurs and the yield can not go up because of their limited potential for yield increase.

The fourth misunderstanding: listening to and believing in advertising and blindly chasing after the wind. Peasant friends in some places tend to listen to advertising and publicity, pursue new, strange, special, expensive and high varieties, and blindly think that the newer the better, the stranger the better, the more expensive the better, and the higher the output, the better. These views are all wrong. The scientific approach should be to select varieties scientifically according to the planting stubble, soil fertility level and fertilization level of your own land, and only in this way can high yield be obtained. In other words, the scientific selection of varieties is the first key to scientific farming to achieve high yield. When selecting varieties, we should adopt the method of matching high-yield varieties with stable-yield varieties, and new varieties with old varieties. For new varieties that have never been planted, we should not be partial to advertising and publicity, and can buy a small amount in the first year for trial planting. After success, it can be purchased and used in large quantities in the second year to avoid economic losses due to poor seed adaptability and other reasons.

Q: what are the main wheat varieties and their utilization opinions this year?

Answer: at present, the main wheat varieties in our city are mainly concentrated in Wenmai, Xinmai, Zhoumai three series, Wenmai 6, 4, 8, 10, 19, etc.; Xinmai series are: Xinmai 9, 11, 13, 18 and so on; Zhoumai series are: Zhoumai 16, 18 and so on. Other varieties that performed well in production were Yumai 18 and its superior lines, Yanshi 4110, Luomai 4, Xunong 5, Aikang 58, Jimai 20, Zhongmai 1, Xinong 979 and so on. With the introduction of new varieties, new varieties with high yield and high quality should be adopted in time.

According to the wheat production practice in recent years, the opinions on the utilization of wheat varieties are as follows:

① plain irrigation area

Early stubble wheat: Yumai 49 (986 line), Yumai 69 (Xinmai 9) and its superior lines and Xinmai 18 were planted in combination with Mai 41, Zhoumai 16, Xinmai 13 and Kaimai 13. Middle and late stubble wheat: Zhengzhou 9023, Yumai 18 (including 99 lines), Yumai 34 and Yanshi 4110 were mainly planted with Zhengnong 16, Yumai 70 (Neixiang 188), Pumai 9 and Zhongmai 1.

② dry farming area

Early stubble wheat: Yumai 41 (Wenmai 4) and Yumai 49 were mainly planted with Xinmai 9 and Luohan 2. Middle and late stubble wheat: Zhengzhou 9023 and Yumai 18 were mainly planted with Yumai 70, Yanshi 4110, Yumai 34 and Yumai 47.

③ high quality strong gluten wheat planting:

Jinmai 20, Xinong 979 and Gaomai 8901 were selected for early stubble high quality wheat, and Zhengmai 9023, Yumai 47, Zhengnong 16 and Zhengmai 005 were selected for middle and late stubble high quality wheat.