Technical problems that should be paid attention to in the cultivation of organic rice

Organic rice production must not use any chemical synthetic substances such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and the technical links such as weeding and pest control are replaced by agronomic measures, and the production process should adopt the combination of manual and biological control to produce rice.

Honda fertilization

Fully mature farm manure is applied to 40-45 cubic meters per hectare. One-time application as base fertilizer, not topdressing. In order to ensure stable yield and stress resistance, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 50% in the first year, 75% in the second year, no chemical fertilizer can be applied in the third year, and the residue of chemical fertilizer in the soil can be basically removed.

Seed selection and soaking

Select high-quality varieties with strong stress resistance, such as Jijing 83, Jijing 88, etc., rice seed treatment: using warm water instead of rice seed soaking sterilization method to control evil seedling disease.

Rice seeds must be dried with 15 kilograms of warm water at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius and 4 kilograms of rice seeds. Soak the seeds in warm water of 60 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes and soak them in 15 kilograms of cold water immediately to restore them to normal temperature. Then seed selection was carried out with salt water of 1RU 1.13.

Seedling management

The nutritious soil was prepared with mountain bark soil or field soil and fully mature farm fertilizer at the proportion of 2:1, and rice vinegar was used to adjust the acidity of bed soil instead of rice seedbed conditioner, and 20 kg of nutritious soil was applied per square meter. The underground pests of the seedling bed are driven away with Kang hole ash, and then spread nutritious soil evenly on the bed surface, then rake the bed surface and sow it evenly, cover the soil evenly by 1.0 cm, and then cover the soil layer with a layer of 0.5 cm fine sand for water conservation and grass control.

Sparse sowing, 3 per square meter and 5 wet seeds; raising strong seedlings, controlling temperature and moisture to improve stress resistance; spreading poison valley on the four sides of the seedbed to control underground pests; artificial timely weeding.

Land preparation and sparse planting

Spread high-quality farm manure evenly on Honda and turn the ground deeply. Rake the ground twice to kill the grass source, keep the water layer to control the grass bud, keep the water layer to control the grass bud, carry out sparse transplanting with 2 tillers and 4.5 leaves. Improve the quality of seedlings and enhance plant stress resistance.

Honda management

1. Weeding is dominated by raising ducks in paddy fields, supplemented by artificial weeding.

① release 10 ducks per mu, the time for releasing ducks should not be too early, around June 10, when the weather is fine, ducks should be released for more than 50 days, plan to prepare ducklings in advance. After the duck is put into the field, there is generally no manual guard, the Honda is protected by a net around the field, and the duck house is set on the ridge of the field, where there are more weeds in the field, otherwise it is released less, and the duck is harvested at the early stage of grain filling after heading to prevent the duck from eating rice ears.

② ducks eat grass in the paddy field when they grow up, and mainly eat dicotyledonous weeds when they grow up. At the same time, duck trampling can indirectly play a herbicidal effect. Its excreta is a good organic fertilizer, which can increase soil fertility by about 15% and rice yield by about 7%. Duck has the habit of arching land naturally, which can play the role of ploughing living soil, loosening soil, increasing oxygen, promoting the development of rice root system, maturing living stem after autumn, and improving 1000-grain weight and maturity of rice.

2. Disease and pest control

① mainly focuses on duck pest control. Ducks can eat adults and larvae of rice water weevil, Chilo suppressalis and negative mud insects in rice fields.

② is the main pest of rice in northern China. Trichogramma can be used to control Chilo suppressalis (the time is basically the same as that in corn fields). Due to the sparse planting of strong seedlings, Honda rice plants grow healthily, rice blast, sheath blight and other diseases generally occur slightly or not, and biological agents such as Chunleimycin can be used to control them in serious years.