Do a good job in the management of flowering and fruiting stage of grape in greenhouse

The management of flowering and fruiting period is one of the important links in promoting early cultivation of greenhouse grapes. The quality of management directly affects the yield and fruit quality of greenhouse grapes. The following two aspects should be paid attention to in management:

???? Regulation of Fruit Set Rate

???? Topping the top of the inflorescence 7~10 days before flowering and leaving 5~6 large leaves can significantly increase the fruit setting rate (such as giant peak). Watering at flowering stage and topping after fruiting could significantly reduce fruiting rate (such as red globe).

???? Spraying amino acid boron and amino acid zinc foliar fertilizer on leaves and inflorescences 10 days before flowering Spraying facilities grape special chelated amino acid boron, chelated amino acid zinc foliar fertilizer, etc., spraying once every 7 days, continuously spraying twice.

???? Thinning ears is generally thinning ears at 4~6 leaves. The principle of thinning ears is that, if the ear weight exceeds 500 g, one new shoot of moderate new shoot corresponds to one ear, one new shoot of strong new shoot corresponds to 2 ears or 2 new shoots correspond to 3 ears, weak shoots do not leave flower ears, each new shoot has about 15~20 leaves; if the ear weight is less than 500 g, one new shoot of moderate new shoot corresponds to 2 ears or 2 new shoots correspond to 3 ears, and one new shoot of strong new shoot corresponds to 2~3 ears. Under normal circumstances, moderate new shoots leave the first flower ear, strong new shoots leave the first and second flower ears or only the second flower ear.

In order to obtain grapes with neat and beautiful panicle shape and uniform fruit grain size, panicle treatment should be carried out in time after thinning.

(1) flower spike shaping of seed bearing varieties with seeds. Generally, about 7 days before flowering, the whole ear should be removed in time, the ear shoulder and the ear tip should be removed, and the middle part of the ear should be 9~10 cm.

(2) flower ear shaping of seedless varieties. For the seedless treatment of large grain varieties such as Kyoho line, firstly, the spikelets with large ears and ears should be removed as early as 1 week before flowering; secondly, from 3 days before flowering to the day of flowering, the top of the spikelets should be 3~3.5 cm, and the rest spikelets should be removed completely. Two small spikelets should be left in the middle and upper parts of the spikelets as identification marks. During the seedless treatment and expansion treatment, one spikelet should be removed at a time to avoid omission or repeated treatment.

For the seedless varieties, flower shaping was carried out 2~3 weeks before anthesis. First, a small number of florets were cut off from the tip of panicle, 12~14 florets were selected from the tip to the base, and two spikelets were reserved for the upper florets as markers of seedless treatment and fruit expansion treatment.

(3) flower spike shaping of seedless varieties. For seedless varieties such as Xiahei, 2~3 spikelets at the base of spike and differentiated spike should be thinned as early as 1 week before flowering, the top of large spikelets at the base should be cut off, and the overdense spikelets should be partially thinned; the tip of spike should be lightly pinched or not pinched, and 12~14 florets should be selected from the tip of spike to the base.

Regulation of Fruit Quality

Thinning standard: fruit grains can rotate freely, single ear weight is 400~600 grams (except red earth).

?? Malformed fruits, small fruits, diseased fruits and densely packed fruits in the ear are generally carried out 1~2 times in 2~4 weeks after flowering. The first time when the size of the green bean fruit grain, the second time when the peanut grain size. Thinning standards should be determined according to different varieties. For varieties with natural average grain weight below 6 g, 60~80 grains per panicle were suitable; for varieties with natural average grain weight of 6~7 g, 50~70 grains per panicle; for varieties with natural average grain weight of 8~10 g, 40~60 grains per panicle; for varieties with natural average grain weight greater than 11 g, 35~40 grains per panicle; for red globe, 80~100 grains per panicle were required.

When pruning ears and thinning seeds, some varieties such as red earth will affect the growth of fruit grains due to damage to ear cobs and branch stems. Therefore, do not approach the main axis of inflorescence when thinning inflorescence branches, and do not approach the branch axis of inflorescence when thinning fruit grains. Pay attention to keeping a small section of "pile".

Bagging could significantly improve the appearance quality of fruits. After thinning, bagging can be done. The choice of paper bag depends on the variety. Generally, white paper bag is used for colored varieties, and yellow paper bag is used for green and yellow varieties. For varieties that are easy to sunburn (burn), it is best to take umbrella cultivation to reduce sunburn (burn).

Leaf picking and shoot thinning can obviously improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions on the shelf surface, which is beneficial to berry coloring, but the leaves should not be picked too early, 10 days before harvest. If the technique of using accessory leaves is adopted, the picking time of old leaves can be advanced to the beginning of fruit ripeness.

When thinning shoots, it is generally appropriate to keep 3000~5000 new shoots per mu, so as to ensure sufficient new shoots and ensure ventilation and light transmission. Thinning shoots is generally carried out when the new shoots have 5 to 7 leaves.

Circumcision or girdling at the base of fruiting mother branch or fruiting branch before berry coloring can promote berry coloring, advance ripening by 3~5 days, and improve fruit quality significantly.

???? When the ground temperature reached the appropriate temperature, the reflective film could improve the fruit quality and promote the fruit ripening.

Make full use of accessory shoot leaves, pay attention to strengthen the use of accessory shoot leaves, because grape growth and development mainly rely on accessory shoot leaves for photosynthesis, especially in protected grape cultivation.

Twisting shoots at young fruit development stage could significantly inhibit shoot growth, promote fruit maturity, improve fruit quality and promote flower bud differentiation.

???? Spray amino acid series foliar fertilizer once every 10 days from young fruit development stage to fruit maturity stage; spray amino acid potassium foliar fertilizer once every 10 days in berry coloring stage

Reasonable load according to the requirements of both quality and yield, the general yield per mu control in about 2000 kg.