Cultivation techniques and measures of amaranth

I. Variety selection

According to the habits and consumption habits of varieties in different seasons, different varieties are adopted. Red amaranth and red red varieties with strong cold resistance were used in winter and early spring. In other seasons, red amaranth and all-green amaranth with strong resistance to diseases and insect pests are used. Generally from late February to late March, it is appropriate to choose early-maturing and cold-tolerant varieties such as pointed-leaf red amaranth and pointed-leaf red amaranth. Red amaranth, Dahongpao, white rice amaranth and willow amaranth should be selected from early April to late May. Heat-resistant varieties such as white rice amaranth, willow leaf amaranth and red amaranth should be selected for summer and autumn cultivation from early June to early August.

? Second, the cultivation season

Amaranth can be cultivated during frost-free periods from spring to autumn. Open-field cultivation can sow seeds from late March to early August, while greenhouse and small arch greenhouse mulching cultivation can sow 20-30 days earlier, that is, sowing begins in late February, and can be put on the market about 30 days earlier. Except for cultivation in early spring, it can be listed about 35 days after sowing.

? III. Cultivation techniques

1. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination

Amaranth seeds, soaked in cold water for 24 hours, need to be scrubbed several times in the process of soaking seeds to facilitate water absorption. Remove the soaked seeds in winter and early spring, scrub them with clean water, remove and drain water, wrap them with gauze with good permeability, cover them with wet towels, and accelerate germination under the condition of 15-20 ℃. When 30%-50% of the seeds are white, they can be sown. It is cultivated by direct sowing in other seasons.

two。 Soil preparation and sowing

The main results are as follows: (1) Land preparation should select plots with few weeds. Amaranth has no strict requirements for soil, but the soil is loose, fertile, good in fertilizer and water conservation. 5000 kg of mature organic fertilizer, 50 kg of 25% compound fertilizer and intensive cultivation are applied per mu to make a high border with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters, a ditch width of 0.3 meters and a depth of 0.15 meters to 0.2 meters.

(2) the seeds of amaranth are small, and the seeds mixed with fine sand or fine soil can make the sowing uniform. The amount of seed used per mu is 0.25 to 0.5 kg. Can be flat bed sowing or strip sowing, sowing can use four-toothed rake shallow or not (Rain Water more wet season), strip seeder can be slightly deeper in spring, summer should be shallow, shallow cover soil, and then suppress, can be watered, waiting for seedlings. In winter and early spring, cover with a thin layer of straw to moisturize, and then cover with a layer of plastic film to keep warm, the greenhouse is tightly shielded and warmed up. Add sunscreen in summer.

3. Field management

(1) temperature management in winter and early spring, uncover plastic film and mulch, and then build a small arch shed in the greenhouse after watering to facilitate heat preservation. When the external temperature is low, a layer of grass curtain is added to the shed in the evening to keep warm. After the emergence of seedlings in summer, add sunscreen in time, cover early and uncover late.

(2) Fertilizer and water management should always keep the soil moist in winter and early spring, watering with small water frequently, watering on a sunny morning as far as possible, and watering 0.2% urea solution once after finishing the seedlings, and topdressing once in the next 7-10 days to promote growth. Appropriately increase the amount of water in summer, usually in the morning and evening. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out many times, usually the first time when the seedlings have two true leaves, the second time after 10-12 days, and once per harvest. The main type of fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, which can apply 15002000 kg of thin human feces and urine and 5kg of urea per mu each time.

(3) weeding should be carried out manually in time. About 7-10 days after sowing, seedlings emerge, weeds should be controlled before and after emergence, and strip sowers can carry out inter-row ploughing and weeding.

4. Pest control

The main results are as follows: (1) Agricultural control should select excellent varieties with heat (cold) and disease resistance, rational distribution, rotation with other crops or rice within a certain period of time, clean the countryside, reduce the number of diseases and insect pests, cultivate strong seedlings, improve stress resistance, increase organic fertilizer, balance fertilization, and apply less chemical fertilizer. Foliar fertilizer is sprayed in bad weather (eg Gaolida).

(2) physical control uses yellow board to trap aphids and black light to trap and kill moths.

(3) Biological control uses natural enemies to deal with pests and chooses pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies to create an environment conducive to the survival of natural enemies. Antibiotics (agricultural streptomycin, etc.) were used to control soft rot and other diseases.