Technical measures for planting Fruit trees in Saline-Alkali soil

It is relatively difficult to plant fruit trees in saline-alkali land, and the survival rate is relatively low if it is not reformed. The planting measures of fruit trees in saline-alkali land are introduced as follows:

(1) planting in Taiwan and strip fields, dripping salt and draining alkali

It is appropriate to build platform and strip fields with a width of 40 meters and a length of 300 to 400 meters, with each platform and strip fields as a community with a land area of about 1.33 hectares. The upper mouth of the canal is 2.5 meters wide and 1.8 meters deep, and the upper mouth of the canal is 2 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. Regularly dig branches, buckets, canals to ensure that the orchard drainage salt smooth, generally 2-3 years desilting once, to maintain the proper depth of all kinds of channels.

Dig big pits, apply fertilizer to change soil or change soil

Saline-alkali land generally has a shallow tillage layer, and the subsoil is solid and hard, which is not conducive to the root growth of fruit trees. a planting hole with a depth of 80cm and 100cm should be dug before planting, and a layer of crop straw and weeds with a thickness of about 20cm should be filled at the bottom of the pit. mix topsoil and organic fertilizer into the pit, each hole with organic fertilizer 50 kg, phosphate fertilizer 0.25 kg 0.5 kg, while filling solid. Where there are alkali bumps, the soil with high salt content on the surface should be produced, and the topsoil with low salt content should be replaced nearby, so as to prevent the planting survival rate from being reduced due to the weak salt tolerance of the roots of newly planted seedlings.

Third, reduce the height of the tree disk.

According to the salt operation law that the water flows to the lower place and the salt to the higher place, to reduce the height of the tree plate, the general tree plate should be 5-15 cm lower than the ground, in order to avoid salt and accumulate Rain Water to press alkali. Because the ground between the rows of fruit trees is high and the water evaporates quickly, salt accumulates on the ground with water, which plays the role of salt accumulation.

4. Select rootstocks with strong salt tolerance

The planting of apple seedlings with Malus huilaiensis as rootstock can not only improve the survival rate, but also show strong tolerance to salt and alkali and low-lying moisture. Only when Malus angustifolia seeds are used for seedling domestication in saline-alkali soil, can young apple trees grow normally. The performance of other begonia rootstocks is poor, especially the apple trees with Shanding rootstock, the leaves are often small and thin, the leaves are green and yellow, and the planting survival rate is low.

Fifth, planting in autumn, skillfully avoiding the peak of alkali.

The drought wind is strong in spring and the soil water evaporates quickly, which is the peak period of soil alkali return. When seedlings are planted in spring, the salt tolerance of roots is weak, which affects the survival rate. Planting in autumn, the root system recovery period is long, the seedlings overwhelm the buried soil to protect against cold before soil freezing, the survival rate is high, and the growth is fast in spring.

6. artificial bumps are made and alkali is pressed with bumps.

The seedlings were planted in autumn, and after they were dried and survived in spring, it was at the peak of alkali return. Because the root absorption capacity and salt tolerance of the surviving young trees were very weak, the salt in the soil was brought to the soil surface after light rain, and the young trees often suffered salt damage and died because the water evaporated quickly. Therefore, several deep hoes or three-tooth deep planing should be used to cut off soil capillaries and prevent trees from being damaged by salt in spring.

7. Planting green manure crops such as Tianqing between rows

Planting green manure crops such as Amorpha fruticosa and Tian Qing at the edge of the ditch, cutting and turning regularly can increase the content of soil organic fertilizer, improve soil, and play the role of preventing alkali and improving soil.

8. Tree plate covered with grass to improve soil physical and chemical properties

Covered with grass or crop straw under the tree plate can effectively reduce soil water evaporation, prevent alkali return, increase temperature, moisture, increase soil organic matter, promote microbial activity, and improve soil physical and chemical properties. it is a tillage system with low investment, quick effect and easy to popularize in saline-alkali soil management. The experiment shows that grass mulching under trees in the upper and early fruiting stage of saline-alkali soil can increase the yield by more than 26%, and the thickness of grass mulching is 20cm.

Reduce the height of the crown appropriately

Low drying, early formation, first promote and then control, expand the crown as soon as possible, increase the canopy cover rate, in order to reduce ground water evaporation and prevent soil from returning alkali. The general fixed dry height is 60cm to 70cm. According to the characteristics of shallow root distribution, high groundwater level and premature senescence of branches of fruit trees in saline-alkali soil, more large and medium-sized branch groups are properly arranged on the lower main and lateral branches to enhance the regeneration ability of branch groups and prolong the life of fruiting branch groups. and pay attention to control the new shoots of young trees to stop growing as early as possible, so as to promote the Lignification of branches and reduce the occurrence of freezing injury. Through the measures of increasing organic fertilizer to improve soil pressure, reducing irrigation times, ploughing frequently, spraying foliar fertilizer, and improving the level of tree nutrient accumulation, we can keep the tree potential strong and lay the foundation for the rapid growth and high yield of young trees.

Qu Weiwei and Yang Jing, Forestry Bureau of Jizhou District, Tianjin