Rice dry farming technology

Rice dry farming is an important method of water-saving rice planting, which is sown under natural conditions after soil preparation without raising and transplanting rice seedlings. The whole growth period depends on natural precipitation to meet the growth, but appropriate irrigation in case of drought to ensure high and stable yield. Therefore, dry rice farming is also called growing rice in dry fields, as long as it is "four reasonable" and "one management and one management" will be successful.

1. Reasonable selection of land and land preparation. It is suitable to choose low-lying and waterlogged field or water-conserving meadow soil for dry cultivation of rice. Sloping land, sandy or saline-heavy land is not suitable for rice dry farming. Soil preparation, especially the conversion of water to dry land, advocates mechanical deep turning, and then rotary ploughing, so that the field surface is flat, solid and virtual, and it is best to carry out soil preparation, which can preserve the return of slurry water and improve soil moisture.

two。 Reasonable selection of varieties. The rice varieties needed for dry farming should have the characteristics of drought and cold resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance, moderate growth period and high yield. The growth period is 10 to 15 days earlier than that of the local varieties.

3. Determine the sowing date reasonably. The lowest temperature of rice germination is 10 ℃ ~ 12 ℃. Under the condition of good soil moisture, it is mainly sowing time, and under the condition of drought, it is mainly soil moisture. Step on the upper and lower lattice when sowing, and do not step on the grid when the soil moisture is too large, so as to prevent the influence of soil viscosity on seedling emergence. Sowing is mainly artificial strip sowing, conditional available wheat seeder sowing, labor-saving, labor-saving and good quality. The depth of soil cover is 2cm to 3cm. In order to ensure the whole seedling, drying the seeds for 2-3 days before sowing and dressing the seeds with chemicals, it is recommended to use rice dry seed coating agent, but do not soak the seeds under dry conditions to prevent the emergence rate from being reduced.

4. Reasonable close planting. The dry cultivation of rice has a short growth period and few tillers, which mainly depends on the main stem to form a panicle. Increasing yield by panicle is the main measure of reasonable close planting of rice in dry farming. Generally, the row spacing of sowing is 30 cm, the sowing amount per mu is 70.9 kg, and the seedlings are protected by 150000 ~ 180000 plants.

5. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. The effect of fertilizer and water on dry-growing rice is very obvious, and the principle of fertilization is based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. The base fertilizer is mainly farm manure, and the application amount of chemical fertilizer is increased, that is, 60% nitrogen fertilizer, all phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer are used as base fertilizer to ensure nutrient supply and promote the early growth and rapid development of roots. Topdressing is applied twice, that is, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer, if there is no lack of fertilizer, there is no topdressing or less topdressing to prevent greedy green late ripening. The maximum water demand period and critical water demand period of rice are in the rainy season of July and August, and the normal year can be satisfied by natural precipitation. In case of special drought years, it is necessary to replenish water properly to ensure high and stable yield.

6. Control of diseases, pests and weeds. Rice dry farming should also pay attention to the prevention and control of evil seedling disease, blight, rice blast, rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and other diseases and insect pests. Control mole cricket had better use rice special seed coating agent coating, can also use poison valley trap. The method of making poison valley is to use 5 kilograms of bean cake dregs or corn bran per mu, add a little leek to fry, add 0.2 kilograms of 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder, add 1 kilogram of water, stir well, stew for 2 hours and put into the field in the evening. Chemical weeding, soil treatment before sowing closed weeds 5-7 days after sowing, spraying soil with 200 ml of 60% butachlor EC and 200 ml of 20% chlorpromazine EC per mu and spraying soil with 75 kg water per mu; post-seedling treatment of weeds in 5-7 days after emergence and before 2 leaves of paspalum grass, spray 60 kg of water with 200 ml of 60% butachlor EC and 200 ml of 20% barnyard EC per mu If there are broad-leaf weeds after 5 leaves, 20% dimethyltetrachlorochloride 0.04 kg can be used to spray water.

Wang Jingqin, Agricultural Technology extension Service Center of Yushu City, Jilin Province