Autumn and winter management techniques of winter jujube after harvest

The technical management after picking winter jujube is easy to be ignored by jujube farmers. During this period, although the vegetative growth of the tree stopped day by day, the photosynthesis of the leaves continued to be carried out, and the photosynthates were continuously transported to the root, branch, stem and other organs for storage to accumulate nutrients for the tree and enhance its cold resistance.

Therefore, the post-harvest management of winter jujube occupies an important position in its annual management. grasping the cultivation management in this period can lay the foundation for high yield and high quality in the coming year and get twice the result with half the effort.

Soil, fertilizer and water management

Deep ploughing and soil improvement

Deep ploughing of the soil after picking can not only improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil, promote the root expansion and deep roots, enhance the healthy growth of the tree, but also plough the diseased branches, leaves, fruits and weeds under the trees in the garden into the soil as fertilizer. The deep ploughing of jujube orchard can be carried out in combination with the application of base fertilizer in autumn, and the suitable ploughing depth is 20~25cm.

Application of base fertilizer in autumn

Fertilization should be applied in time after autumn harvest, and organic fertilizer should be used as the main basic fertilizer, and an appropriate amount of available chemical fertilizer, especially phosphate fertilizer, should be supplemented according to the fertility of the soil. Fertilization and ploughing can be carried out at the same time, as far as possible to expand the contact surface between fertilizer and roots, to prevent excessive concentration of fertilizer absorption, or root burning.

The method of fertilization can be combined with ploughing and spreading, or annular ditch application, or radial ditch application. A ring ditch with deep 40cm and wide 60cm can be dug around the canopy, and the base fertilizer and compound granular fertilizer can be mixed into the ditch and covered with soil.

The base fertilizer 50kg and compound fertilizer 1kg were applied to each adult tree, and 25kg and 0.5kg were applied to each tree under 10 years.

Irrigation to preserve soil moisture

After fertilization, water should be watered in time, and after irrigation, paddling and hoeing should be carried out to preserve soil moisture to ensure safe overwintering.

Clear Garden in Autumn and Winter

Cut off the branches of diseases and insects

The overwintering sites of diseases and insect pests are mainly in the branches of diseases and insect pests and cracks in the rough bark of trees, so it is necessary to timely cut off the dead branches of diseases and insect pests, scrape off the old and warped skin, pick up rotten berries, remove underground weeds, and concentrate on burning or burying them deeply, so as to eliminate overwintering insect eggs such as green blind bugs and red spiders, and overwintering diseases such as jujube rust and rot that remain in dead branches and leaves.

Carry out insecticidal and sterilization treatment

Diseases and insect pests are easy to winter in underground weeds, fallen leaves, fallen fruits and shallow topsoil. Therefore, after the winter jujube tree leaves, in addition to the whole tree spray stone sulfur mixture, but also spray fungicides on the ground under the tree. When spraying, spray along with the ground around the tree, weeds and shelterbelts. Through insecticidal and sterilization treatment, the base number of diseases and insect pests can be further reduced. As the tree has fallen leaves in autumn and winter, it is not easy to cause drug damage, so the concentration can be increased appropriately at this time.

White the trunk or tie the grass.

After the fallen leaves, the jujube is painted white at the base of the trunk and big branches, which can not only protect against cold, but also control insect pests such as overwintering tortoise scale in the trunk. If the grass is removed and burned next spring, a large number of overwintering pests and eggs parasitic in the grass can be eliminated.

Plastic surgery and pruning

Through shaping and pruning, cultivating and adjusting tree structure, rational layout and improving lighting conditions. For over-dense branches, crossed branches and overlapping branches, all should be removed to maintain ventilation and light in the crown; for senescent branches and overgrown branches, re-truncation or retraction from the base of the main branch can be carried out to promote the germination of new branches. Autumn and winter is an effective period for cultivating winter jujube tree potential, accumulating nutrition and scientifically controlling diseases and insect pests.

Through a series of autumn and winter management techniques, such as deep ploughing and improving soil, applying base fertilizer in autumn, preserving soil moisture by irrigation, clearing garden in autumn and winter, shaping and pruning, etc., we will lay a solid foundation for high yield and high quality of winter jujube in the coming year.