Dwarfing and dense planting techniques of Sweet Cherry in greenhouse

I. Garden site selection

Select neutral or slightly acidic loam and sandy loam with fertile soil and deep soil layer to build a garden, which requires low groundwater level and no stagnant water.

2. Rootstock and variety selection

Gisela No. 6 with dwarfing, strong stress resistance and strong adaptability was selected as rootstock. Select early and mid-early varieties with short crown, early fruit, high yield and short cold requirement, such as early fruit, red light, Meizao, short branch Stella, Rabins, Samitt and so on.

Planting density and pollination tree configuration

The seedlings of Gisela dwarfing rootstock should be planted, the cluster tree shape should be adopted, and the row spacing should be 2 m × 3 m. Transplanting big trees can increase the row spacing appropriately. The ratio of main varieties to pollinated varieties was 3 ∶ 1 or 3 ∶ 2. The main varieties and pollinated varieties should be planted in the north-south direction and interlaced.

IV. Film mulching and heating

The dormancy period of sweet cherry is longer, the minimum low temperature requirement of 0 ℃ ~ 7.2 ℃ is 600 ~ 700 hours, and the long one is about 1400 hours. Warming should be carried out after the completion of natural dormancy. In Tang-Qin area, generally at the end of October, when the external temperature appears 0 ℃, buckle the film cover and open the vent to control the temperature below 7.2℃. The buckle shed heats up from December 17 to 27. At this time, the quilt will be opened during the day and will be rolled up at night.

V. Management in the shed

1. Temperature and humidity control. The control of temperature and humidity in each period in the shed is very critical and should be strictly controlled. From budding to flowering, day temperature 16 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, night temperature 7 ℃ ~ 9 ℃, ground temperature 14 ℃ ~ 16 ℃, air humidity 70% 80%: young fruit stage, day temperature 20 ℃ ~ 22 ℃, night temperature 8 ℃ ~ 12 ℃, ground temperature 16 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, air humidity 50% 60%: coloring to fruit ripening, day temperature 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, night temperature 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃, ground temperature 18 ℃ ~ 22 ℃, air humidity 40% 50%. There are 2 to 3 automatic temperature and humidity recorders in each greenhouse, which are connected to the skylight. When the temperature reaches the set temperature, the skylight automatically opens and ventilates to cool down, and then closes in time below the set temperature. It will be rolled up during the day and put down at night. The temperature is mainly adjusted by ventilation and uncovering the quilt. Before heating up, the soil was irrigated once to cover the plastic film to increase the soil temperature. Keep the relative water content of the soil 60%-70% after heating up. It was not watered for a week before and after flowering. During fruit development, watering should be a small amount for many times, and it is best to spray slightly or sprinkle water on the ground to avoid too much change in soil water content, resulting in a large number of flowers and fruits and fruit cracking.

two。 Flower and fruit management.

Improve the fruit setting rate: bee pollination combined with artificial pollination, 7-10 days before flowering, the bees will be put into the shed to adapt, otherwise the bees will not fly out, and artificial pollination must keep up. Spray 30 mg / L 920 + 0.3% borax solution before and after flowering to increase the fruit setting rate.

Flower thinning and fruit thinning: during germination and flowering, the poorly developed buds, deformed flowers, double ovary flowers and late weak flowers are removed. After the physiological fruit drop, the small fruit, weak fruit and deformed fruit were removed. Retract and renew the weak branches and the branches that bear too much fruit.

Promote fruit expansion and coloring: from fruit expansion to coloring, pick the heart when the new shoot grows to 20 cm, reduce nutrient consumption, increase fruit setting rate, and increase single fruit quality: after falling flowers to before harvest, 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution are sprayed alternately every 10 days, and appropriate amount of organic fertilizer is applied.

3. Soil, fertilizer and water management. Combined watering before flowering, 1.5 kg organic compound fertilizer was applied to each plant. After fruit harvest, fully mature cow dung should be applied to more than 6 cubic meters per mu. Pay attention to watering during sprouting period, before flowering, hard kernel stage and coloring period. At this time, a small amount of water should be controlled to prevent new shoots from growing and fruit cracking.

4. Pest control. Clean the ground before cooling in late November to remove weeds, dead branches and fallen leaves. Spray 5 Baomedo stone sulfur mixture before sprouting.

In the middle of May, chlorpyrifos and triazoltin were sprayed to control leaf mites and boat caterpillars. In late June, triazoltin was sprayed to control leaf mites, and combined with methamidone salt to control leaf rollers. From late July to early August, polyantimycin was sprayed to control leaf spot. No drugs were used from flowering to fruit ripening.

VI. Post-harvest management

1. Remove the cover. After the fruit was harvested, the vents were gradually enlarged, so that the temperature and humidity in the shed were gradually close to the outside world, and then all the film was removed after about 15 days. If the summer temperature is too high, cover the sunshade net from 10:00 to 03:00 to prevent the high temperature in the shed from burning the leaves.

two。 Soil, fertilizer and water management and shaping and pruning. After fruit harvest, rotten cow manure was applied in the furrow to provide sufficient nutrients for flower bud differentiation. Control moisture to ensure that the tree is not short of water, and will not cause waterlogging. To strengthen the pruning of the growing season is mainly to remove excess upright branches, old branches and drooping branches, and if the number of branches is not enough, pick the hearts of the new shoots on the back for many times.