Technical Essentials of drought Resistance and yield increase of Wheat

Due to drought and water shortage, dryland wheat has poor fertilizer and water supply capacity, and its yield is low and unstable, but it has great potential to increase production. So, how to increase the yield of dryland wheat?

1. Deep and shallow rotational ploughing, storing water with soil. Deep ploughing can break the bottom of the plough, increase water permeability, increase water storage, promote root rooting, expand the range of root absorption, and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. However, deep ploughing must take measures according to the times. Generally speaking, deep ploughing is appropriate in years when soil preparation is early, precipitation is heavy, and soil moisture is sufficient. The ploughing depth is 22m / 25cm, followed by raking and leveling after ploughing. When there is little rain and drought after ploughing, the soil moisture is often seriously lost because the soil is not solid. Practice has proved that dryland wheat can not only achieve the goal of deep ploughing and soil improvement, but also increase the opportunity of soil moisture conservation in dry land wheat, which is an important measure to increase the yield of dry wheat, the practice has proved that dryland wheat can not only achieve the goal of deep ploughing and soil improvement, but also increase the chance of soil moisture conservation when dryland wheat is ploughed deeply for one year and then shallow ploughing for 2-3 years.

2. Apply more fertilizer and transfer water with fertilizer. The dryland wheat field should apply more organic fertilizer and sufficient inorganic fertilizer, especially sufficient phosphate fertilizer, in order to improve soil, improve soil fertility, improve water storage and fertilizer conservation capacity and water use efficiency. In general plots, 2500 Mu of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate can be applied per mu, and appropriate amount of potash fertilizer and micro-fertilizer can be applied as appropriate; if the soil fertility is poor, 40 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer and 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer can be applied continuously within three or four years. In the high-yield wheat field in dry land, the fertilization method of "one bombardment" can be adopted, that is, all fertilizers combined with soil preparation should be applied to the soil as base fertilizer, in which nitrogen fertilizer should be applied deeply and phosphorus fertilizer should be applied shallowly to cultivate strong seedlings before winter.

3. Select improved varieties to save water. Most drought-resistant varieties have the characteristics of developed root system, narrow leaves, thick epidermis, small stomata, weak respiration and transpiration, strong tillering ability, high panicle rate, and so on, and can better adapt to the dry land environment of lack of water and fertilizer. According to the comparative investigation of various places, planting drought-resistant varieties generally increases production by 20% and 30% compared with non-drought-resistant varieties.

4. Sowing seeds at the right time and saving water with seedlings (plants). The population automatic adjustment ability of dryland wheat is poor, and the range of suitable sowing time and sowing amount is narrower than that of irrigated wheat. Through timely and appropriate sowing, the population structure of reasonable water-saving and fertilizer-saving type of seedlings, plants, ears and grains is established. It is the central link of upland wheat yield. Practice has proved that winter varieties should be sowed when the daily average temperature is stable at 16 ℃-18 ℃, so that the effective accumulated temperature above 0 ℃ before winter can be guaranteed, and 8 leaves of main stems can be reached, while weak winter varieties can be sowed later for 5 days. In the range of suitable sowing time, the basic seedlings per mu should be controlled at about 150000, the early sowing decreased by 10-20 000, the late sowing increased by 20-30 000, and the late stubble wheat could increase to 20-250000; the number of stems per mu before winter should be controlled at 22. 5 times of the final panicle number.