Delayed High-yield cultivation techniques of Sweet Pepper

Sweet pepper is rich in nutrition, high in vitamin content, variety and delicious flavor. Green fruit can be used for a variety of dishes, and the nutritional value of old fruit is higher. The products are resistant to storage and transportation, have a long harvest time, and are widely cultivated all over the country. Taking advantage of this characteristic, a set of delayed high-yield cultivation techniques in middle greenhouse was summarized after several years of research.

I. Variety selection

The middle and late maturing varieties with thick flesh and strong disease resistance should be selected for delayed cultivation in the middle greenhouse. Such as eggplant door, agricultural university 40, Jilin three tendons and so on.

? Second, cultivate strong seedlings

Strong seedlings are the basic condition for high yield. Strong seedling standard: seedling height 17-21 cm, stem diameter 0.3 cm. It has 10-14 leaves, budding at the top and a calendar seedling age of 80-90 days. The key to cultivating strong seedlings is to increase the ground temperature and improve the nutritional conditions. Therefore, the secondary seedling of sweet pepper should be raised with nutritious soil.

1. First-class seedling breeding. The sowing time should be 80-90 days in advance according to the local suitable planting time (the ground temperature at the depth of 10 cm is more than 12 ℃), and the sowing date should be determined (plus the days before emergence). Nutritionally, 50% of the garden soil without Solanaceae vegetables was added with 30% rotten horse manure and 20% high-quality farm manure. A ternary compound fertilizer with 300 grams of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounting for 15% each is applied per cubic meter. After mixing well, spread 8-10 cm thick on the bed, pour enough water to cool for a while, then sow, cover with a layer of plastic film to increase temperature and preserve soil moisture. The plastic film can be removed after the seedling is unearthed. In order to ensure timely planting. Seedlings should be raised in sunny beds or in medium and small sheds according to local conditions. After emergence, the temperature was controlled at 23 ℃-25 ℃ in daytime and 17 ℃-15 ℃ at night. Watering should be strictly controlled to prevent overgrowth. The seedlings are divided into three true leaves.

two。 The secondary breeding uses 70% garden soil and 30% high-quality fine circle dung. Add 400 grams of ternary compound fertilizer with 15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per cubic meter. Do nutrition prescription or nutrition bowl to raise seedlings. When transplanting seedlings, one or two plants should be transplanted according to the opening degree of the variety. During the seedling period, measures such as temperature regulation and water control should be used to achieve balanced growth above ground and underground, and to cultivate strong seedlings. The seedlings were kept at 25 ℃-30 ℃ in daytime, 20 ℃-25 ℃ in daytime and 17 ℃-15 ℃ at night after seedling transfer. Seedlings should be refined at low temperature 10-15 days before planting.

? III. Colonization

1. Fine soil preparation and fertilization. Due to the long growth period of delayed cultivation of sweet pepper, it is necessary to appropriately increase the amount of base fertilizer. 6000 kg of high quality manure, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate and 50 kg of cake fertilizer were applied in 667 square meters. After turning deeply, rake fine rake flat. Make a ridge 50 centimeters wide from one side of the ground. Then cover the plastic film on two ridges of 50 centimeters, 6-8 centimeters on both sides to the outside of the ridge, flatten the border surface, and press the sides tightly with soil.

two。 Colonization. When planting, first open the planting hole on the ridge by 30-33 cm, and then plant the seedlings with nutrient blocks in the planting hole, cover the half-covered soil, pour water to stabilize the seedlings, seal the canopy the next day, and press the plastic film around the planting hole.

? IV. Open-field cultivation and management

The management of open field cultivation should be based on disease prevention and plant protection. Before the advent of high temperature in summer, we should mainly promote plant growth and strive to close in front of the sweet potato to increase the disease resistance in the high temperature season. In the full fruit period, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management and pest control. Keep the leaves exuberant. Slow seedling water should be watered once 3-4 days after planting, and then no more watering, so as to promote root and control seedling properly. Prevent falling flowers from growing. After sitting down (that is, when the fruit grows to 3-4 cm), the door pepper begins to be watered, and the land cannot be dried and cracked later. Water every 7-8 days, and fertilize with water. 667 square meters apply 15 kg of urea or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate. 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be sprayed on the leaves to prevent premature senility.

? Fifth, make arch frame

Before the first frost, the arch should be 3 meters wide and unlimited in length. Make an arch every one meter. Only the middle column, not the side column. The central column material can be adapted to local conditions and used locally. Use the remaining branches or bamboo cloths from logging-1.5 meters long, 20 centimeters buried underground, and 1.3 meters high. The middle column is arched with bamboo drapes.

? 6. Do the preparatory work before withholding the shed

4-5 days before the arrival of the frost, all the sweet peppers that meet the commodity standards should be removed in time and sold nearby. Then 667 square meters of ammonium sulfate 20-25 kg, a flood.

? 7. Buckle the shed

The average temperature of the day dropped to 13 ℃, 2-3 days before the first frost, choose a sunny day windless weather buckle film, the plastic film should be covered with two pieces, the middle seam to cover, easy to cool down, adjust the temperature in the shed. After buckling the film, it is fixed with a pressing wire to prevent the film from being blown by the strong wind.

VIII. Strengthen temperature management

The temperature rise should be controlled mainly in the early stage and heat preservation in the later stage. After buckling the shed, due to the high external temperature, topdressing and irrigation were carried out in front of the shed to promote the overgrowth of sweet pepper. For this reason, we should pay attention to the ventilation and cooling and control it. Control the temperature in the shed at 25 ℃-30 ℃. Properly control the growth. In the later period, the external temperature dropped, in order to ensure the normal growth of sweet pepper, heat preservation measures should be strengthened. During the day, the wind should be closed 2 hours before sunset to increase the temperature in the shed to prevent the excessive drop in night temperature from affecting growth.

? 9. Strict control of moisture

The root system of sweet pepper is shallow, and the root group likes to be wet and afraid of waterlogging. For this reason, after withholding the shed, small water should be irrigated frequently to prevent water shortage and stagnant water. Irrigation should be carried out on a sunny day in the morning, and timely ventilation and dehumidification to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

? Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Sweet pepper delayed cultivation, long growth period, improper management will produce a variety of diseases, early open field management, late greenhouse management, artificial control of disease occurrence conditions and chemical control.

? 11. Timely harvest

In the early stage, it should be harvested in time with the ripening of the fruit. When the greenhouse temperature drops to 5 ℃-6 ℃, all fruits should be harvested to prevent frozen fruit. After harvest, use the cylinder storage method to keep fresh, supply New Year's Day, Spring Festival market.