High yield and High efficiency cultivation techniques of Sweet Pepper in Middle greenhouse

Sweet pepper has the characteristics of being warm, hot, moist and flooded. The most suitable growth temperature is between 20-30 ℃ in daytime, the highest is no more than 35 ℃, and at night 15-30 ℃, the lowest can not be less than 8 ℃. It is easy to develop when it is more than 30 ℃, and stop growing when it is lower than 8 ℃.

1. Raise seedlings in the field. Seedlings are generally raised in solar greenhouses. First of all, the seedling shed should be disinfected. Sawdust is ignited with sawdust 8g and sulfur 480 per square meter and sealed for 24 hours, which can play the role of disinfection and sterilization.

(1) preparation of seedbed. Preparation of bed soil: for the soil used for sweet and spicy seedlings, sandy loam soil is suitable, accounting for about 60% of the total dosage; organic fertilizer (such as livestock manure) accounts for about 30%; chemical fertilizer (such as ammonium hydrogen and phosphate fertilizer) accounts for about 10%; after the above fertilizers are mixed, evenly spread on the seedling bed, deep turning and raking flat to make the border, generally border length 6m, border width 1.5m. Preparation of medicinal soil: in order to sterilize and prevent disease, the medicinal soil must be prepared before raising seedlings and used when sowing. The main agents are: five generations of agents (70% of pentachloronitrobenzene powder and 65% of Dysen zinc powder are mixed in the same amount). Each bed is evenly mixed with 70-80g of the medicament and 150kg fine soil. This method can prevent blight, quenching disease, anthrax, scab and so on.

(2) selection of varieties. The best variety is Zhongjiao No. 7, which is bred by Flower Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which belongs to a new hybrid variety of early maturity.

(3) seed disinfection. Use 80% mancozeb (0.3% of seed weight) or 70% dexamethasone (0.4% of seed weight). Put the seeds and medicine into a sealed jar or plastic bag. Shake for 5 minutes and the powder can stick to the seed coat evenly. It can prevent early blight and sudden collapse.

(4) sowing seeds. The appropriate time is mid-December. Cover with plastic film and grass half a month before sowing to increase the indoor temperature. Sunny days should be chosen for sowing. Pour the bottom water thoroughly the day before, and on the second day sprinkle the prepared soil evenly in the border, cover the rest of the medicine, or leave a small amount of medicine to fill the seam later. 150g seeds are available for every 667 square meters.

After sowing, you can spread some poison bait in the border to trap and kill mole cricket. Pull the grass at 10:00 every morning and put it down at 3-4pm. If the weather is bad, uncover it late and early. The seedlings began to be unearthed in about 30 days, usually without watering. If it is dry, spray a small amount of warm water. When the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, if the indoor temperature exceeds 30 ℃, it should be kept out in time. When on the lookout, we should go from small to big to prevent damage to seedlings, but also to prevent overgrowth. When planting, the seedlings should be controlled at the height of 9-12 leaves and 15-20cm, and should not exceed 25cm. The seedlings should be refined a week before planting, and the grass should not be covered at night. As long as there is no frost, the vents will not be closed for the last two days and nights to adapt to the external climatic conditions. In addition, the root injury should be reduced as much as possible, and the slow seedling time should be shortened.

? 2. Prepare the ground. Usually apply sufficient bottom fertilizer and turn it deeply in the autumn of the previous year. Before and after sting, diammonium phosphate 40kg, potassium sulfate 20kg and zinc sulfate 2kg were applied every 667m2. In order to prevent and cure the continuous cropping disease, copper sulfate was paired into ammonium bicarbonate 11kg every 667m2. The ammonium bicarbonate was mashed and mixed into a complete plastic bag. After 24 hours, sprinkle it evenly into the hole, then buckle up the greenhouse film and wait for colonization.

? 3. Colonization

(1) time. Preferably in late March. The air in the shed was disinfected one week before planting, and the method was the same as that in the seedling shed. Then let out the poisonous gas.

(2) colonization. The day before planting, the seedling bed should be watered once so as to reduce root injury when pulling out seedlings. Choose sunny day for planting, plant row spacing 45cm, two plants per hole, planting while watering, would rather wait for water seedlings than let seedlings wait for water.

(3) Management. After planting, it is generally not ventilated within a week, but the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, it must be ventilated and cooled down. If there is no drought, there is no need to irrigate the second water, it is necessary to support and replenish the seedlings in time. The temperature is controlled between 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night. When the temperature of the shed is more than 30 ℃, open the tuyere and close the vent when it drops to 20 ℃.

3-5 days after planting, some poison baits can be sprinkled in the shed to trap and kill mole crickets. When the ground is not wet, combined with weeding, intertillage is carried out for 3-4 times, from shallow to deep. Especially in the case of low temperature, intertillage is an effective measure to increase the ground temperature. When the seedlings grow to 30cm, a deep hoe should be used to cultivate the soil, and there will be no more ploughing. Ventilation day and night into March, the greenhouse film should be lifted upward as far as possible, but do not take it off to prevent the last late frost injury. The shed can be removed by the middle of the year.

? 4. Water and fertilizer management

(1) timely watering the flower. From planting to the growth of door pepper is about the size of red jujube, which is the period of vegetative growth of sweet pepper. In this period, it is necessary to control moisture, loosen the soil, raise the soil temperature, promote the roots, and finally cultivate the soil for the seedlings. This period is called squatting seedling stage. Until 23 days before flowering, door pepper should be watered once, and diammonium 15kg should be applied every 667m2.

(2) the management of the expansion period of door pepper. When the pepper grows to the size of the ping-pong ball, it enters the period of rapid expansion of the fruit, which requires more water and fertilizer, applying urea of 15kg or ammonium nitrate of 20kg or ammonium bicarbonate of 50kg with water. Generally speaking, after 5-6 days, the door pepper will reach the harvest standard. The time is in late May.

(3) Prophase management. After the door pepper began to be picked, the second to third layers of fruit began to expand, and gradually reached the harvest standard, which will also blossom and set fruit. To the third layer of fruit harvest is the early stage of harvest. The early yield and the harvest sooner or later have a great impact on the output value.

Usually once a week watering, each harvest should be combined with watering topdressing, in line with the principle of "eat less and eat more", once topdressing urea 7-8kg. When Rain Water is older, pay attention to drainage. Because high temperature and heavy rain are prone to epidemic disease, soft rot and bacterial wilt, it is necessary to prevent them in advance.

(4) medium-term management. April 10 to July 20 is the peak harvest season of sweet pepper in the middle shed, and most of the output value is located in the middle stage. The management of this period needs to grasp the following points: fruit harvesting should be serious, starting from reducing the plant burden, as long as the harvest standard is reached, it should be picked immediately. Pick the fruit once and water it once. The water is not too big, according to the soil fertility and the growth of sweet pepper, fertilize properly with the water. If the leaves become light and yellow, 5% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed in the evening. Timely control of aphids, red spiders and other pests.

(5) late management. In general, sweet pepper is not easy to survive the rainy season, but it can be done if it is properly managed. After August 25, the weather will become very conducive to the growth and development of sweet pepper, plants begin to flourish, blossom increase, fruit setting rate increases significantly, vegetable farmers call it "autumn hair". The second yield peak of sweet pepper is formed after volting, which needs to be watered every 7-8 days. In the three solar terms of the End of Heat, White Dew and the Autumn Equinox, we should follow the water to fertilize or apply human dung. After each topdressing, press the clear water every 3-4 days, pick all the fruits before Frosts Descent, avoid frost, plough and dry the land in autumn.