How to plant and manage autumn Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage is not only the main edible vegetable in winter and spring, but also the main stubble of Chinese cabbage. Therefore, it is very important to grow Chinese cabbage in autumn. The main reasons affecting the high yield of Chinese cabbage in production are the disastrous weather in the growing season and the serious occurrence of diseases (main virus disease, downy mildew, soft rot). Therefore, the production should focus on the prevention and control of three major diseases to improve the high and stable yield of Chinese cabbage.

? I. Variety selection

There are many varieties of Chinese cabbage, which can be divided into three basic ecological types: straight tube type, original head type and oval type. However, due to the reasons of growing season, the mid-late maturing varieties with disease resistance, cold tolerance, high yield and storage tolerance must be selected. The main excellent varieties are: Lubai 3, Shandong 2, Shandong 5, Fengkang 85 and so on.

? Second, sowing time

In general, it is appropriate to sow seeds 3-5 days before and after the Beginning of Autumn, and the year of high temperature can be postponed to the middle of August. The late-maturing varieties with disease resistance and long growing period can be sown early, and the middle-maturing varieties with short growing period can be sowed later for a few days.

? III. Preparatory work before sowing

Chinese cabbage cannot be cropped continuously, nor can it be rotated with other cruciferous vegetables, which is one of the important measures to prevent diseases and insect pests. After the harvest of the previous crop, ploughing and loosening the soil in time, combined with cultivated land, can apply 800010000 kg of ring fertilizer and 75kg 100kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to base fertilizer and leveling.

? IV. Planting techniques

1. Sow seeds. Sowing is divided into direct seeding and seedling transplanting, which generally depends on the harvest of the previous crop sooner or later. If the previous crop is harvested early and can prepare the land in time, the direct sowing method can be used. Otherwise, the method of raising seedlings and transplanting will be adopted. Direct seeding was 5-6 days later than seedling transplanting. Chinese cabbage is generally cultivated in two modes of high ridge and border. High ridges are generally planted in one row per ridge, with a ridge height of 12 to 15 centimeters; flat beds are planted in two rows per border, and the width of the border depends on the variety. There are two methods of live broadcast: hole broadcast and strip broadcast. Hole sowing is to open holes in the row or at the top of the ridge according to a certain distance between plants. The row spacing of precocious varieties is 55cm and 60cm. The plant spacing is 40-50 cm, about 3000 plants per mu, the row spacing of mid-late maturity varieties is 65-70 cm, the plant spacing is 55-60 cm, and about 2500 plants are planted per mu. The length of the cave is 810 cm and the depth is about 1 ~ 1.5 cm. Each hole is sown with 5 grains and about 0.15 kg per mu. Strip sowing is to open a trench with a depth of 5 cm to 10 cm according to the row spacing, first water it along the ditch, and after water infiltration, spread the seeds evenly in the ditch and cover the fine soil 0.8 ~ 1 cm thick. The amount of seed used per mu is about 0.3 kg. After the young buds of direct seeding Chinese cabbage are unearthed, measures should be taken to frequently pour small water to keep the ground moist and reduce the surface temperature. In the absence of rain, it is generally watered on the same day or the next day of sowing to make sure the ridge surface is drenched. Watering the second time on the third day of sowing led to the emergence of most of the buds.

2. Seedling stage management. Refers to the management from the unearthed buds to the rosette stage. At this time, it should be time for seedlings, and in 2-3 or 4-5 true leaves, each seedling once, and remove weeds, diseased seedlings and weak seedlings. 6 true leaves (group trees) when the seedlings, and timely ploughing, waiting for the outer leaves to close the ridge should stop ploughing, so as not to hurt the roots and leaves. Ploughing should be shallow rather than deep. The live broadcast is usually planted at 5-6 true leaves.

3. Transplanting and planting. The seedling age is generally 15-20 days, and when the seedling has 5-6 true leaves, it is the best suitable time for transplanting. Transplanting is best carried out in the afternoon. The suitable density is determined according to the characteristics of the variety. Water immediately after planting. After that, the seedlings were watered once every morning and evening for 3 to 4 consecutive days to slow down the seedlings and keep them alive.

? 5. Fertilizer and water management

1. Topdressing. Chinese cabbage has a high yield and needs a large amount of fertilizer. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, do not topdressing in time. Topdressing should be determined according to different growth periods and seedling conditions. There is no topdressing in the seedling stage. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, for the first time, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu can be applied at the stage of 3 to 4 true leaves, sprinkled on both sides of the seedling, and immediately watered, called "seedling fertilizer"; for the second time, 15 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu is applied after seedling setting or seedling transplanting, which is called "hair fertilizer". The third time in the rosette stage, the application of ammonium sulfate 25kg / mu, calcium superphosphate 10kg / mu, fertilizer into the ditch or hole, and then slightly add soil to help ridge, and then watering, called "big topdressing"; the fourth time in the middle of heading, ammonium sulfate 1520kg per mu can be flushed with water, called "heart-filling fertilizer".

2. Watering. Chinese cabbage from Tuanzhu to rosette stage, the temperature drops day by day, the weather is mild, can be properly watered during this period, the end of rosette can be properly controlled for a few days, and then watered after the third topdressing. After entering the heading stage, Chinese cabbage needs the most water, so it is necessary to water the squatting seedlings once. Then water it a second time every 2 to 3 days. This time is very important, when the soil is dry and cracked, the lateral roots will be broken, the fine roots will die, and the pilling will be affected. After that, water is usually watered every 5-6 days to keep the soil moist.

VI. Binding leaves and harvesting

In the late growth period of Chinese cabbage, the weather is changeable and the temperature is dropping day by day. in order to prevent frost, it should be tied up in time. Generally, 10-15 days before harvest, stop watering, pick up the rosette leaves, hold the bulbs, and then tie the leaves with soaked sweet potato seedlings or cereal grass. Make the pericardium more solid and continue to grow. Lesser Snow in the first 2-3 days, should be harvested in time, and drying in the field, waiting for the outer leaves to wilt, then can be stored. Zhao Yinghui