Main points of sowing and propagation of zinnia

The ornamental value of zinnia is relatively high, but because zinnia is an annual herb, artificial breeding of zinnia can meet the market demand. The sowing method is generally used for the reproduction of zinnia. The editor will introduce the sowing method and matters needing attention in the sowing process for you in detail.

Hundred-day grass

The optimum temperature for seed germination of zinnia is 20 Mel 25 degrees. Generally, 7 Mel germinates in 10 days and blossoms about 70 days after sowing. True leaf 2Mel 3 pieces of seedling transfer, 4-5 pieces of heart removal, after 2 or 3 times of transplantation can be colonized.

In North China, it is more than sown in the open field in mid or late April, and germinates in about a week. The row spacing of plants in the field is set in the 15-40cm range because of the height of the varieties. The row spacing of the plants planted in the field is within the range of the variety. When the plants are planted in the pot, they must be plucked, transplanted to the pot, and can be poured once. The pot plants of dwarf species should pick the hearts repeatedly, promote the growth of lateral branches, and form plump plants. The flowers used for May Day can be sown indoors in early February. The seedlings were planted in the pot in late March and planted in the end of April. Topdressing is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Seed should be kept when the petals of the outer wheel begin to dry up and the petals of the middle wheel begin to fade, cut off the flower head, dry in the sun, and store. The flowering period of the hundred-day grass is long, and in the later stage, the plant will decline, the stems and leaves will be messy, and the flowers will become smaller. Therefore, the flowers used in the autumn flower bed should be re-sown in summer and picked twice. Cutting propagation can be carried out after mid-June, cutting side wood cuttings, shading and rain protection.

Before sowing, the soil and seeds should be strictly disinfected to prevent diseases and insect pests during the growing period. The seeds can be sowed from early April to late June. The seeds are disinfected by soaking seeds with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and the matrix is mixed with 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of river sand, 2 parts of peat and 2 parts of perlite. It can be disinfected with 0.05% potassium permanganate or 1000 times formaldehyde, and the soil can be fumigated at high temperature to kill bacteria, pests and grass seeds.

Before sowing, the substrate is wet and sowed on demand. Zinnia is a photophobic flower seed, which must be covered with vermiculite after sowing. At 21: 23 ℃, it can germinate in 3 to 5 days, and no light is needed during the germination period. after germination, the seedling bed maintains 50% to 60% water content, not too wet, so as to avoid root rot or quenching disease.

The sowing time depends on the required flowering time. Generally, the seeds were sown in the greenhouse 3 months ahead of schedule. Direct seeding in the open field should be after the severe cold in early spring, otherwise the seedlings are underdeveloped; if the flower bed is used in autumn, it is appropriate to sow seeds in summer. The seeds of zinnia are light-resistant, and the soil should be thick and dense after sowing in order to improve the germination rate. It takes place from March to April in spring. 130 seeds per gram were germinated at an appropriate temperature of 21 ℃. After sowing, 7 Mel germinated for 10 days, and the germination rate was 60%.

Sowing to flowering varies from 45 to 75 days due to different varieties. Spring sowing was carried out from March to April and was transplanted in 5 leaves with a distance of 10 cm. The plant was planted at the beginning of June and the row spacing was 30 × 30 cm. 10 times human feces and urine were applied every 10 days during the growth period. From July to Frosts Descent blossoms. Zinnia can also be propagated by side branch cuttings in summer, but because the temperature is too high and there are many showers, attention should be paid to shading.

Potted hundred-day grass cultivation and maintenance to order hundred-day grass, also known as step-by-step high, opposite leaf plum, five-colored plum, for Compositae, hundred-day grass is an annual herbaceous flower. The height of the plant ranges from 40 cm to 120 cm, and the stem is erect, covered with short hairs, and the surface is rough. Leaves opposite, ovoid to elliptic, entire, covered with short bristles, leaf base clasping. Heads ranging from 5 cm to 15 cm in diameter, inserted at the top of branches, with long pedicels. The tongue-shaped flowers are multi-whorled, the petals are Obovate, the top is rolled back slightly, there are white, yellow, red, pink, purple, green, orange and other colors, the tubular flowers are concentrated in the center of the disk, the tip of the Corolla is 5-lobed, yellow to orange, and the style is 2-lobed. Inflorescence involucre multi-layered campanulate, basally United. The ligulate flower can also bear fruit, the achene is widely ovate to bottle-shaped, the tip is acuminate, the middle is slightly concave, the achene produced by the tubular flower is oval, flat and small, the fruit ripens gradually from August to October, the seed life is 3 years, and the flowering period is from June to October.

After long-term artificial hybridization and breeding, there are many cultivation types, which can be divided into three types: large flower high stem type, middle flower middle stem type and small flower clump type. Large flowers tall stem type, plant height 90 cm to 120 cm, few branches, terminal inflorescence diameter up to 12 cm to 15 cm, tetraploid varieties 15 cm to 18 cm in diameter. Middle flower in stem type, plant height about 50 cm to 60 cm, more branches, inflorescence about 6 cm to 8 cm in diameter, apically slightly spreading, the whole inflorescence is approximately oblate. Floret cluster type, plant height is only 40 cm, many branches, the number of flowers per plant is also large, but the inflorescence diameter is small, only 3 cm to 5 cm, the ligulate flowers are spreading but not curled, and the inflorescence is spherical in appearance.

A new type of dwarf line was cultivated in the 1970s, with spreading branches in a semicircle, flower diameter of 7 cm to 8 cm, plant height of less than 30 cm, and the shortest mini plant height of only 20 cm, with a flower diameter of about 4 cm. There are also varieties of dwarf large flowers.

Hundred-day prairie is produced in Mexico and other places, and is now widely cultivated all over the world. Strong in nature, strong in adaptability, deep in root system, hard in stem and not easy to lodge. Like sunshine, the number of ligulate flowers increases under the condition of long sunshine. Like warm, not cold-resistant, barren, drought-resistant, avoid continuous cropping, afraid of hot and humid. The land grows well in fertile areas with deep soil layers. The best potted soil is sandy soil with humus, loose and fertile soil and good drainage.

Usually, the sowing method is used to propagate, the optimum temperature for germination is 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, and the seeds germinate in 7 to 10 days. The seed germination requires dark conditions, and the seeds need to be covered with soil after sowing. The time of sowing in the open field should not be too early. If the temperature drops below 15 ℃ after emergence, the seedlings will stop growing and will always grow poorly and form "small old seedlings". When the seedling height is 5 cm to 8 cm, it should be planted separately, and the flower bed can be planted in late May. After the middle of June, lateral branch cuttings can also be taken for propagation, pay attention to shade and rain prevention, so as to avoid cuttings infected and rotten.

The new type of dwarf line and the variety of dwarf large flower should be selected in pot plant. It can be sowed in the greenhouse in early February. In the middle of March, the seedlings were moved into a pot with an inner diameter of 10 cm, with one plant in each pot, and planted in a basin of 18 cm in the first ten days of April. With stable room temperature, adequate light, good ventilation, moderate water and fertilizer, it can blossom and display on May Day. Analysis of planting techniques and key points for attention in zinnia

Analysis of planting techniques and key points for attention in zinnia

[FAQ] how is it planted in the hundred-day grass? What are the main points?

[expert answers]

Cultivation techniques of zinnia

Zinnia is a short-day plant, so it is necessary to regulate the length of sunshine to regulate the flowering period. When the sunshine is longer than 14 hours, the flowering will be delayed, and it will take about 70 days from sowing to flowering, and the number of tongue-shaped flowers will increase significantly; while when the sunshine is shorter than 12 hours, it can blossom in advance, and it will take only 60 days from sowing to flowering. At this time, there are more tubular flowers. In addition, the flowering period can also be controlled by adjusting the sowing time and coring time.

In the process of sowing, zinnia requires a well-drained, loose and fertile soil environment. Usually the germination temperature is 21 Mel 22 degrees, which needs to be covered with soil when germinating, and 2 Mel can germinate in 5 days. In the process of growth, the daily temperature should be kept at 18 degrees and the night temperature should reach 21 degrees. The time from sowing to flowering is generally 10 weeks. It is also worth noting that continuous cropping of 100-day grass should be rotated at the right time.

Zinnia is easy to grow in the later stage of growth, and the following measures are usually taken to control it: first, to appropriately reduce the temperature; second, to ensure adequate nutritional area and increase plant spacing; third, to pick the heart in time to promote the growth of axillary buds. The specific method of operation is generally carried out when the plant height is about 10 cm, leaving 2 to 4 pairs of true leaves to pick the heart. If you want to make the plant low and blossom, you often spray dwarfing agent when the axillary buds grow to about 3 cm after coring. For seedlings that are not overgrown, they can be cultivated in the open field, and coring treatment should be carried out in order to limit their growth height.

The hundred-day grass grows strongly, likes a warm, dry and sunny environment, and can withstand semi-overcast. The suitable temperature for growth is 20-25 ℃, and it is not resistant to heat. When the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the growth weakens obviously, the flowering is rare, and the flowers are smaller. For short-day plants, under long sunshine (14 hours / day), the plant height increased and there were more ligulate flowers; under short days (9 hours / day), the ligulate flowers became smaller and the tubular flowers increased. It has strong adaptability and does not choose soil, but it grows best in fertile soil with deep soil layer and good drainage. In the case of rainy summer or poor soil drainage, the plant is slender, the flowers become smaller, and continuous cropping is avoided.

Zinnia is mainly propagated by seeds and can also be propagated by cuttings. Seed propagation should be sowed in spring, usually in the middle and last ten days of April, and the optimum temperature for germination is 15-20 ℃. Its seeds are light-abhorrent, so they should be covered with soil, watered and moisturized after sowing, and germinate and germinate after about 1 week. The germination rate is generally about 60%. During the period from Lesser Fullness of Grain to the Summer Solstice, combined with coring and pruning, strong branches were selected, a section of shoots 10 to 15 centimeters long were cut as cuttings, the lower leaves were removed, and the upper two leaves were inserted into the fine river sand, which were often sprayed with water and shaded properly. It will take root in about 2 weeks.

After the planting survived, it is not necessary to apply fertilizer too frequently in the seedling stage, and liquid fertilizer is generally applied once a month. Close to the flowering stage, more topdressing can be applied, applying liquid fertilizer every 5 to 7 days until the flowers are in full bloom. When the seedling is as high as 10 cm, leave 2 pairs of leaves, cut off the head and pick the heart to promote the germination of lateral branches. When the lateral branch grows to 2-3 pairs of leaves, leave 2 pairs of leaves and pick the heart for the second time. In this way, the plant shape can be large and the flowering can be varied. It can blossom after 70 days after spring sowing. The zinnia blossoms at the top of the branch. when the flower is ruined, two pairs of leaves should be left at the base of the flower stem to cut off the residual flowers in order to induce new shoots in the axils of the cut leaves. Watering frequently after pruning and topdressing for 2 or 3 times can extend the flowering date to before Frosts Descent. The first batch of seeds matured before the rainy season are of good quality and should be harvested and retained in time.

When sowing seedlings with 4-6 leaves, they are planted in 10-12 cm pots. There are few lateral roots of Chrysanthemum morifolium, and attention should be paid to less damage to lateral roots when transplanting. When the seedling is 10 cm high, coring is carried out to promote more lateral branches. In order to dwarf the plant in production, 0.5% was sprayed for a long time 2 weeks after heart extraction, and the effect was remarkable. Growth regulators can also be used to regulate flowering. Spraying 0.25% Mel 0.4% solution at the seedling stage can blossom ahead of time and the flowers are compact. If 0.4% Mel 0.8% is used for a long time or Daizhuangsu is sprayed 2-4 times, flowering will be delayed. Fertilization was applied once every semimonthly in the seedling stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied twice before bud formation. Or use "Huiyou" 20-20-20 general fertilizer. If there is no seed left after anthesis, the residual flowers should be removed in time to promote the germination of new lateral branches between the axils of leaves and then blossom. Seedlings and plants must be isolated to prevent hybridization between varieties and affect seed quality.

Key points to be noted:

Hundred-day grass likes to be warm and sunny, can not bear the heat, high temperature and cold, the suitable temperature for growth is 18: 20 ℃ in daytime and 15: 16 ℃ at night. It grows especially fast in summer.

Can be directly used in full sunlight, direct sunlight. If there is not enough sunshine, the plant is easy to grow, the resistance is also weak, and flowering will also be affected.

Due to the high demand for light, the water is easy to evaporate, so it is necessary to maintain proper humidity and can be watered every day in summer.

The planting density is 18 plants per square meter. The hundred-day grass prefers the dry soil environment and avoids environmental waterlogging. In addition to applying an appropriate amount of chicken manure as the base fertilizer for the plant during planting, we should also apply dilute liquid fertilizer once a week in the vigorous growth stage, which is a crop that likes nitrate nitrogen, so do not apply ammonium fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate. The hundred-day grass is full of sunshine and avoid shade in the environment. Keeping the environment ventilated can prevent overgrowth of plants and reduce the occurrence of powdery mildew. Saxifraga prefers warmth and is not cold-tolerant. The optimum temperature for its growth is 20 ℃ and 30 min, and the plant dies gradually after frost in autumn.

Editor's comments: zinnia is often used in flower beds and flower borders because of its beautiful plant shape, beautiful flowers and long flowering period. Today, the editor introduces the planting technology of zinnia.