Feeding method of fattening cattle

???? 1. Feeding methods: house feeding and mountain grazing plus supplementary feeding

1, house feeding fattening can be divided into continuous fattening method and shelf cattle fattening method. Continuous fattening method is a method for cattle to be fattened with fattening ration until 15-18 months of age after weaning, and the live weight reaches about 350-400 kg. The advantages of this method are small age, good meat quality, disadvantages, long feeding period, high cost and low benefit. It is rarely used in rural areas. Fattening method of rack cattle: after weaning, general calves are fed to 12-18 months of age at low nutrition level, and then fed with higher nutrition level diet, concentrated fattening for 3-6 months, and live weight reaches 400-500 kg. This method is suitable for fattening rack cattle produced by house feeding in agricultural areas or perennial grazing in mountainous areas. It has the advantages of less feed consumption, low cost and increased turnover times.

2. Grazing and supplementary feeding in mountainous areas, fattening cattle grow to 18 months of age and weigh about 350 kg. This method is simple and easy to implement, mainly grazing on local natural grassland, less money, high benefits.

???? II. Technical requirements for feeding ration of fattening cattle

1. Fattening cattle diet consists mainly of concentrate and roughage. According to the nutrient content of roughage, calculated by dry matter, the ratio of concentrate to roughage is 1:2-3.

Concentrate feed should contain 2-3 kinds of protein feed and energy feed, and coarse feed should contain at least 2 kinds.

The total amount of feed for fattening cattle in 3 and 3 days is calculated as 2% of live weight according to dry matter, and 2.4-3% of live weight for rack cattle.

4. Diet formulation: Diet refers to a group of mixed feeds eaten by a fattening cow day and night, generally including green feed, roughage, concentrate feed and additive feed.

5, fattening cattle diet: based on feeding standards, combined with local feed resources flexible application, as appropriate correction. The need for protein, minerals and vitamins should be taken into account in addition to the need for energy. Nutrient requirements for beef cattle are expressed as percentages, ranging from 86-93% for energy, 6- 1 - 2% for protein, and 1-2% for minerals and vitamins.

6, feed composition should conform to the digestive physiological characteristics of cattle, reasonable mix, mainly coarse feed, with a small amount of concentrate feed, the content of crude fiber in the diet should not be less than 13%.

7, the composition of the diet should be diversified, palatability is good, in line with beef cattle feeding ability, not only to meet the needs of nutrition, but also to make cattle eat, eat full. Feed intake of beef cattle is 2-3 kg DM/day per 100 kg BW. Feed should be as far as possible local materials, local production, reduce costs.

8. Principles and methods of diet coordination: first check the nutrition table and feed nutrition composition table, preliminarily determine the type and dosage of forage in the diet, generally give 1-1.5 kg hay and 3-4 kg silage per 100 kg body weight. Supplement and balance: subtract the nutrient amount provided by forage from the nutritional needs of beef cattle, and the difference is the nutrient amount supplemented by concentrate, and supplement minerals and vitamins at the same time. If urea is used to improve the crude protein level of the diet, the dosage should not exceed 3% of the concentrate feed, and a large amount of water should not be drunk immediately after feeding, so as not to cause poisoning and death.

9. Farmers adopt tethered feeding, one cow for one trough or two cows for one trough, one cow for one, limit activities, reduce calorie consumption and promote fat gain and meat growth.

???? III. Feeding methods of fattening cattle

1. Fattening cattle in house and before leaving, concentrated short-term fattening should be carried out, and the diet should be matched strictly according to the nutritional standards to meet the needs of weight gain.

2, adhere to the grass net, material net, trough net, water net.

3, insist on feeding three times a day, each time the interval is not less than 6 hours, the daily feeding amount is supplied in equal parts. Feeding time and ration.

4. Fattening cattle drink water at least twice a day until they are full.

5. Forage feeding sequence: grass first, feed later, or mixed forage feeding. 4.1.3.6 Grazing fattening mountain areas When grazing on natural pastures, be sure to eat enough, otherwise supplement hay and mixed feed. Concentrate supplement feeding rate is about 1-2.5 kg per day.

???? IV. Management of fattening cattle

1, adhere to the "six clean"

Grass Clean: Free of dirt, nails, wires, plastic sheeting and deteriorated grass.

Feed net: do not feed moldy deterioration or contaminated by toxic pesticides feed, do not contain sand, metal and plastic film and other foreign matter.

Circle net: frequent feces, keep the air fresh.

Tank cleaning: insist on cleaning every day, especially in summer after each feeding, cleaning once to prevent fodder residue fermentation or mildew in the tank.

Cattle body clean: adhere to brush 1-2 times a day, keep cattle clean and clean. In summer, we should control the ectoparasite cattle fly.

Clean water: clean drinking water, water tanks should be cleaned regularly.

Note: before fattening, parasites in the body should be expelled, vaccines should be injected in time in areas where infectious diseases occur, and epidemic prevention and control should be done well to ensure the health of cattle;"five looks" should be carried out in the fattening process to see the speed of eating grass; second, ruminate; third, look at the shape of feces; fourth, look at mental state; fifth, look at walking gait. Two touches, one ear; two nose glasses. Take timely measures when abnormal conditions are found. Yuan Xingwu