High-yield planting techniques of virus-free Potato

Virus-free potato means that potato seeds are virus-free or rarely invaded by virus-free potato after a series of physical, chemical, biological or other technical measures. The yield-increasing effect of virus-free seed potato is remarkable, the yield per unit area can be increased by 30% Mel 50% by using virus-free seed potato, and the yield of high seed potato can be increased by 3-4 times.

When planting potato, it is necessary to choose neutral or slightly acidic flat soil or gentle slope soil and sandy loam soil with loose and fertile soil, deep loose soil and good drainage and irrigation conditions, but not in alkaline soil. In the previous crop plot of potato planting, sorghum, corn, wheat and gramineous cereals are the best, and the former eggplant fruit plot is not suitable for potato planting, such as tomato, eggplant, pepper and other plots. Last year, it was not suitable to plant potatoes in the plots that used herbicides such as poste, Yunongle, Kuancaoqing, methyl Huanglong, dichloroquinolinic acid and so on.

? I. seed potato treatment

1. Seed trap, seed drying and sprouting

The seed potato came out of the cellar about 30 days before sowing and dried under the indoor scattered light of 12 ℃-15 ℃. It can be turned 1-2 times during the drying period, and can be cut into pieces when the bud eyes grow to white buds.

2. Cut into pieces

Cut 1-2 days before sowing, the cutter should be disinfected with alcohol and other agents; when cutting, choose the fixed terminal bud to grow vigorously, cut the dense terminal bud, and then cut into three-dimensional pieces according to the spiral order, each piece should have 1-2 bud holes, the weight of the cut should not be less than 30 grams, do not leave the potato meat when the cut is big, and the sweet potato can be sown whole. The cut seed blocks can be placed in a cool and dry place and the seeds can be sown within 2-3 days.

? II. Field management

1. Weeding

Potato seeds should be weeded in the field in time after emergence, that is, artificial weeding or spraying herbicides. Spraying herbicides is mainly after emergence, using DuPont Baocheng to spray 2-3 leaves of weeds, 4-5 bags per mu (2.5g / bag).

2. Ploughing and watering

Huh? ploughing and soil cultivation is completed before the potato blossoms, so that the combination of shovels, that is, three shovels three times. When sealing ridges, the ridges should be cultivated into "wide shoulder ridges", not into "pointed ridges", so that potatoes should not be leaked when setting beans, and potato beans are conducive to the supply of nutrients to the soil. Potato flowering is entering the tuber-forming period, and should be irrigated in time in case of drought, otherwise the yield will be seriously affected.

? III. Fertilization in soil

Potato is a crop that likes water and fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is the supplementary principle. Fertilization method: one-time application of sufficient base fertilizer according to soil fertility, mature organic fertilizer should be deeply applied or distributed uniformly in ridges and furrows before sowing. At the same time of applying organic fertilizer, diamine phosphate, urea, potassium sulfate or compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied, and the proportion of chemical fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be the best at 2:1:4; after applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium or compound fertilizer, it is necessary to cover a layer of 3 cm thin soil, and then sow potato seed buds to strictly avoid direct contact with chemical fertilizer to avoid sprouting; after fertilization and planting potato seed buds, close ridges and cover the soil in time. Zhang Yanyong