Problems in potato planting technology

Improper selection of varieties

Growing potatoes, if the varieties are not right, the potatoes produced are not easy to sell, or even if they can be sold, the price will not be very high. Some growers do not choose varieties according to the local climatic conditions, as a result, the products do not sell at a good price, and delay the next crop. Individual growers are lack of understanding of virus-free seed potato, and it is difficult to accept the high price of seed potato, so they are used to the practice of changing seed potato for many years.

?? 2 rotation is not good.

Potato is a crop that avoids continuous cropping. If continuous cropping is carried out without stubble, the yield will be reduced in the second year, and the quality of tuber will also decline, especially the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is more serious. The incidence of scab in potato plots with continuous cropping for 8 years was more than 90%, and the incidence of fungal bacterial diseases such as bacterial wilt and black shank was higher than that in stubble-changing plots. In addition, due to the single nutrition absorption of continuous cropping potato, the content of potassium fertilizer in the soil decreased rapidly, which affected the soil fertility and the yield of the next crop. Millet, wheat, corn and other crops are the best in the previous crop rotation, and it is best not to use Solanaceae crops to do the previous crop, such as tomato, eggplant, pepper and so on. If there is no stubble, it must be continuous cropping, the maximum should not be more than two years.

Misunderstanding of slicing three kinds of potatoes

3.1 the bigger the better and the smaller the better, it is a misunderstanding that it is too big to waste seed potatoes, too small to rot potatoes after sowing, and thin seedlings to emerge. The correct cutting method is 20g / 30g potato cubes, each with 1 / 2 bud eyes. If the seed potato is small, it can be sown with whole potato.

3.2 the wrong practice of dense terminal bud evisceration, potato slicing should make full use of the advantage of terminal bud and make more potato pieces as far as possible.

3.3 No disinfection of cutter can easily lead to the spread and spread of tuber disease, so we must pay attention to cutter disinfection.

Misunderstanding of sprouting of four kinds of potatoes

4.1 No sprouting and sowing is a common mistake in production. It is considered that the sprouting process is complex, the direct sowing operation is simple, and the planting benefit will not be affected. The adoption of sprouting and sowing can ensure the completion of seedlings, and if there are good seedlings, there will be a natural yield.

4.2 budding does not need to see light, and it is also a misunderstanding that often occurs in the budding process. Long-term dark sprouting leads to slender, crisp and tender buds, easy to damage buds during sowing, easy to appear secondary sprouting, resulting in several plants in a potato block, and suffocating potatoes in low temperature, affecting yield.

5 misunderstandings of fertilization

5.1 the amount of fertilizer application is too small. Potato is a high-input and high-output crop. Only by supplying enough nutrients can we get a high yield return.

5.2 partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will delay the ripening of tuber and tuber of underground stem, reduce the content of starch and endure storage.

5.3 Application of potassium chloride, potato is a chlorine-free crop, the application of potassium chloride will affect the quality of potato, potassium sulfate should be the best.

6 unreasonable planting density and depth

Blindly close planting and sparse planting are unreasonable, and planting density should be adjusted according to the characteristics of varieties. Generally speaking, early-maturing varieties should be closely planted, plant spacing should be about 20cm, late-maturing varieties should be sparsely planted, and plant spacing should be about 30cm.

6.2 if the sowing is too shallow, the concentration of underground stem is not enough, which is disadvantageous to the formation of grape stem and tuber and its expansion. It is also easy to appear grape stem "arrow" phenomenon, tuber is easy to expose the ground to form sweet potatoes. The suitable sowing concentration should be about 13cm in the trench, sitting soil 2~3cm in the ridge and furrow, sowing the seed block in the place from the ground 10cm, in the soil cover suppression, the clay can be slightly shallower.

7 Water management

Potato is a crop that needs more water but has strong drought resistance. the demand for water of potato is continuous. It is necessary to keep the soil moist in each growth stage of potato in order to ensure the normal growth and development and yield formation of potato. During the period of tuber formation and expansion, if the water supply is not balanced, the tuber will stop growing and form abnormal tubers. In addition, irrigation after severe drought will also cause tubers to crack. In the late growth stage of potato, such as Rain Water, the tuber rotted and could not bear storage.

Ploughing and cultivating soil is late and shallow

The cultivation of the soil should be completed before the potato bud blossoms. If the soil is cultivated later, the normal growth of the plant will be affected, the grape stem will be easily damaged, and the phenomenon of arrows will be caused, which will seriously affect the yield. If the soil is too shallow, in the tuber expansion period, the temperature is easy to rise, the water is lost quickly, and the tuber is exposed to the ground to form a green head, which will affect the quality. Whether it is one or two intertillage, the final soil cultivation must reach 15~18cm, that is, from the upper part of the bud to the ridge.

9 misunderstandings in pest control

Growers in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, there is only treatment without prevention or re-treatment without prevention. Once the occurrence of potato fungal bacterial diseases can only be controlled, it is difficult to cure, once the occurrence of a large area, the use of chemicals is also difficult to control, so the correct idea of prevention should be established.

Author: Liang Shuhua