Potato fertilization should be "appropriate to the case"

The main results are as follows: 1. The small fertilizer requirement of the plant is less in the seedling stage, the fertilizer requirement increases suddenly in the tuber formation stage, and reaches the maximum value in the tuber growth period, and then decreases sharply. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each growth stage was 17%, 14% and 13% respectively in the seedling stage, 33%, 30% and 28% in the growing stage, 38%, 36% and 44% in the tuber forming stage, and 12%, 20% and 14% in the mature stage. The highest absorption intensity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was in the growing stage and tuber-forming stage, with nitrogen absorption accounting for 72% of the total fertilizer absorbed during the whole growth period, phosphorus accounting for 66% of the total absorption, and potassium accounting for 72% of the total absorption. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in these two periods.

2. Potato needs potassium, which absorbs the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. In general, for every 1 ton potato tuber produced, it is necessary to absorb 5 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphorus and 11 kg of potassium from the soil, that is, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1 to 0.2. 2.

3. Farm manure is very beneficial to the growth of potato, which contains not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed for potato growth, but also trace elements and beneficial microorganisms needed by potato. The application of organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, improve soil fertility, enhance the ability of soil fertilizer and water conservation, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and water. Organic matter is mineralized under the action of microorganisms, which is directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and can release a large amount of carbon dioxide, which can not only enrich the soil, but also increase soil permeability, creating conditions for the high yield of potato growth.

4. Planting potato and applying farm manure has the following advantages: rich nutrition, long effective period, barnyard manure, compost and other farm manure is a kind of complete fertilizer, after being applied to the soil, in the process of organic matter decomposition and mineralization, the released nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc can not only provide nutrients for potatoes directly, but also reserve a large number of nutrients for the following crops, which is conducive to the growth and development of crops and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

Humus and humic acid are formed after farm fertilizer is applied to the soil. Vitamins, biotin, enzymes and auxins in humus can promote the development of crop roots, improve the utilization of available nutrients in soil, promote plant respiration, photosynthesis and metabolism of various substances in the body, and have a buffer effect to protect plants from toxicity. Humic acid can buffer the change range of PH value in soil and improve the availability of phosphorus and some trace elements; it can also regulate water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil, which is conducive to high yield of seedlings and improve the yield and quality of potato.

The application of farm fertilizer to potato makes the topsoil loose, low soil resistance and high soil temperature, which is beneficial to the development and expansion of tuber, tidy tuber, high yield and harvest.