Mechanization Technology of Potato Production

The whole process mechanization technology of potato production is based on mechanized planting and harvesting technology, supporting mechanized deep loosening soil preparation and soil application, plant protection, seedling killing and residual film recovery technology, so as to reduce the working procedure and improve the production efficiency. It is suitable for potato field production in dry farming and irrigation area of Gansu.

? I. Technical route of mechanization in the whole process of potato production

Mechanical deep ploughing and soil preparation (including rotary tillage and fertilization)-mechanized planting (including seed potato selective treatment, topping)-mechanized plant protection (including mid-tillage, weeding, spraying)-mechanized harvesting (including killing seedlings before sowing)-mechanized residual film recovery.

? II. Main technical contents

(1) Mechanized subsoiling soil preparation technology: deep loosening (ploughing), stubble killing, rotary ploughing and other operations in time after the previous crop harvest, the depth of subsoiling is generally 25cm to 40cm, the time of subsoiling operation should be selected according to the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of local rainfall, and more natural precipitation should be stored every 2-4 years. The main machines are IGQN160, IGQN250, ISQ- 240, ISQ- 340, IS- 200 and other deep loosening ground preparation machines.

(2) Mechanized sowing technology: mechanized planting technology is a key link in the whole process of potato production mechanization, according to the need to choose plastic film planting or open field planting. At present, the main push machine of potato planting machine in our province is a single-row or double-row seeder matched with tractors, which can complete ditching, sowing, fertilization, ridging, film mulching, suppression and other working procedures at one time, and the operation quality meets the local agronomic technical requirements. High efficiency. The main machines are 2CMF-2, 2CM-1/-2, 2BFM-2, 1220A, 1220 and other potato planters.

(3) Mechanized topping technology: mechanized sowing technology is that 3-50mm thick soil is evenly scattered on the film surface one week after sowing, so as to solve the problem of dislocation of sowing holes and seedlings in the process of potato emergence, avoid artificial release of seedlings, and improve the efficiency of operation. The main equipment is 2TD-S2 potato bulldozer.

(4) Mechanized plant protection technology: mechanized plant protection technology uses sprayers to control potato weeds, diseases and insect pests. According to the occurrence law of local potato diseases, pests and weeds, the pesticide, dosage and the operation rules of mechanized and efficient plant protection technology were selected according to the requirements of plant protection. The main equipment is plant protection equipment such as 3WX-200, 650,1000 and 3WQ-3000 series products.

(5) Mechanized seedling killing technology: the mechanized potato seedling beating technology before potato harvest can complete the cleaning of potato seedlings at one time, and the seedlings lodged in ridges and furrows can also be sucked up and crushed. Before the operation of the rice transplanter, the scourge machine should be raised to the height of 20-25 cm above the ground, and the power output shaft should run for 1-2 minutes. When working in gear, it is forbidden to hit the soil with hammer claws. If the hammer claws are found, the height of the ground wheel or the length of the hanging rod on the tractor should be adjusted. The main equipment is 1JH-100 potato transplanter.

(6) Mechanized harvesting technology: mechanized harvesting technology is a key link in the whole mechanization of potato production, which can complete many working procedures such as potato excavation, lifting and separation at one time, and large potato harvesting machines are used in large plots in Hexi. Small vibrating potato harvester should be used in other areas of the province, such as mountainous and hilly areas, which can improve harvesting efficiency and reduce potato damage rate. The main machines and tools are Menuo 1400, Menuo 1520, 4U-800, 4JW-830 and other potato harvesters.

(7) Mechanized residual film recovery technology: the waste film in the field should be removed in time after potato harvest to prevent white pollution. The main equipment is 1MFJS-125A waste film pickup machine. Liu Zhenghua