Pollution-free cultivation techniques of cucumber in overwintering crop

1. Variety selection and stubble arrangement

Varieties can be selected from Jinfeng 2, Xintai secret thorn, Bonai 13 and so on. Cucumber is the most avoid continuous cropping, each planting stubble interval of three crops, requiring the previous crops except melons, preferably onions and garlic.

two。 Seedling raising and seedling stage management

To raise seedlings in the first ten days of September, the number of seeds needed per mu is 2200-2700.

2.1 seed treatment first removes the seeds and impurities that are not full and the color is not correct, and then dry for one day. Wash the mucus off the epidermis with 30 ℃ of water, soak the seeds with warm soup, soak the seeds with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, then wash the seeds to dry and remove the moisture from the epidermis, then wrap them with a wet cloth and put them under the condition of 25 ℃. When the seed germ is white, it can be sown.

2.2 4 parts of mature organic fertilizer prepared from nutritious soil and 6 parts of onion and garlic soil were fully stirred. After sieving, 1m3 was mixed with 10g chlorothalonil and 10g Ledan.

2.3.The nutritious soil is loaded into the bowl mouth 1cm and placed in the seedbed, and finally watered through the seedbed.

2.4 sowing the sprouted seeds in the center of the nutrition bowl, then covering the soil with 1.5cm thick and watering thoroughly.

2.5 Seedling stage management

1) temperature management. Before emergence, the temperature was controlled at 25: 35 ℃ during the day, 18: 20 ℃ at night, and 18: 25 ℃ at night, and after emergence, the temperature was controlled at 20: 28 ℃ during the day and 13: 17 ℃ at night. The ground temperature is controlled at 15-18 ℃.

2) sprinkling water. Generally want to sprinkle water on sunny days, do not sprinkle water on cloudy days, the most important thing is to see moisture sprinkling, see dry see wet, sprinkle water as little as possible. The weeds were removed timely, and the two seedlings remained strong and weak.

3) prevent diseases. 15kg seedlings were sprayed with 10 g methyl topiramate plus 5 g agricultural streptomycin and 5 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate when the seedlings grew to 2 leaves, and pesticides were sprayed once one day before planting (same as above).

2.6 Seedling age overwintering cucumber planting is generally from late September to early October, calendar seedling age is about 25 days, physiological seedling age is 4 leaves and 1 heart is the suitable planting time.

3. Colonization

3.1 soil preparation, 10-15 days before planting with base fertilizer, apply rotten organic fertilizer 2500kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 25kg, 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 1kg and poison valley 1kg, all spread evenly in the field, rake flat after turning 20cm deeply.

3.2 ridging and plastic mulching 5-6 days before planting. Dark irrigation under plastic film was used. Large row spacing 1.2m, operation row width 0.5m, ridge height 5~8cm, furrow depth 15cm, single ridge width 20cm. Water once after ridging. Insert small arch must be inserted flat, covered with wide 90cm plastic film, plastic film should be straightened, flattened and compacted.

3.3.The planting density is 35cm, and the planting distance is 22000.2400 plants per mu.

4. Post-planting management

4.1The temperature management colonized to slow seedling stage, the daytime temperature was controlled at 3035 ℃, and the night temperature was not lower than 15 ℃. From slow seedling to melon-bearing stage, the temperature was 25-28 ℃ in daytime and no less than 12 ℃ at night. During the peak period of yield, the daytime temperature was controlled at 30: 38 ℃ and the night temperature was above 18 ℃.

4.2 slow seedling water should be watered once 3-5 days after fertilizer and water management in order to slow seedling and strengthen seedling. In the future, it will be watered according to the growth of seedlings and soil moisture. After root melon harvest, combined with watering and topdressing, the fermented organic fertilizer solution 500~750kg is generally applied per mu. After each harvest of melon combined with watering for topdressing, the method is the same as above, while 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed 2 times for 3 times, which is conducive to early maturity and high yield.

4.3 ventilation tuyere from small to large, from less to more, when the wind is strong, not downwind ventilation.

4.4 hanging the vine when the plant is high 25cm, the rope hangs the vine around the stem. Pick root melons, side vines and tendrils in time to avoid falling seedlings. The growth period of cucumber should be prolonged by falling vines in winter. When the continuous overcast time is too long, more than medium melons should be removed to ensure the normal growth of the plant.

5. Pest control

5.1 powdery mildew occurs frequently in autumn. Powdery mildew is caused by dry after rain, high field temperature, extensive management, lack of fertilizer or too much watering, poor ventilation, lack of light and weak growth. After the onset of the disease, mainly with 40% nitrilazole 800 times liquid, 40% DuPont Fuxing 1000 times liquid, 10% world high 1000 times liquid spray, continuous prevention and treatment for 2 times for 3 times, the effect is better.

5.2 downy mildew of cucumber is a fungal disease, which mainly harms the leaves and develops from the base to the upper leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, light yellow nearly round to polygonal spots are formed on the leaf surface, which is easy to be complicated with angular spot disease. When the air is moist, the back of the leaf produces a frost-like mildew layer, which can sometimes spread to the leaf surface. In the later stage, the disease spot withered and died, showing yellowish brown, and in severe cases, all the outer leaves withered and died. It is mainly spread by airflow, watering, farming and insects. It is easy to suffer from high humidity and extensive management in the shed. After the onset of the disease, spray with 64% poison alum 600 times or 72% Klu 800 times or 64% Prik 800 times.