Guiding opinions on Scientific fertilization of Major crops

In order to strengthen the guidance of scientific fertilization for main crops in autumn and winter, improve fertilizer use efficiency, increase crop production, improve crop quality, and realize farmers' income and agricultural sustainable development, according to the fertilizer demand characteristics of main crops in autumn and winter, based on the results of the soil testing and formula fertilization project, combined with the progress made by the Ministry of Agriculture in implementing the Action Plan for Zero growth of Chemical Fertilizer use by 2020 The research has formulated guidelines for scientific fertilization of major crops in autumn and winter 2016.

Field crops

? Winter wheat

(1) the North China Plain irrigates the winter wheat area. Including all of Shandong Province and Tianjin, south-central Hebei Province, south-central Beijing, north-central Henan Province, Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, southern Shanxi Province.

1. Principles of fertilization

Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is common in winter wheat in North China Plain, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is unbalanced, the amount of base fertilizer is on the high side, the area of one-time fertilization is increasing, the shortage of nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage, the lack of trace elements such as sulfur, zinc and boron occur from time to time, shallow soil plough layer, poor ability of water and fertilizer conservation and other problems, the following fertilization principles are put forward:

The main results are as follows: (1) according to the results of soil testing formula fertilization, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced appropriately.

(2) nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late growth stage should be appropriately increased according to soil fertility, so as to maintain the balance of nutrient supply during the whole growth period.

(3) applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer efficiently according to soil fertility conditions, (4) returning straw to field, increasing organic fertilizer, advocating organic-inorganic cooperation, and improving soil water and fertilizer conservation capacity.

(5) attach importance to the application of trace elements such as sulfur, zinc, boron and manganese, (6) improve the soil with acidification, salinization, consolidation and other problems.

(7) the combination of fertilizer application and high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. According to the variety and quality of wheat, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the ratio of base and topdressing should be adjusted appropriately. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the proportion of topdressing in the later stage of strong and medium gluten wheat should be increased appropriately.

two。 Recommended formula for fertilization:

15-20-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. Fertilization suggestions:

The main results are as follows: (1) the yield level is 400,500kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 24030kg / mu, and urea is 13,16kg / mu from emergence to jointing stage combined with irrigation.

(2) the yield level is 500,600kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 30,36kg / mu, and the urea application is 160kg / mu in combination with irrigation from emergence to jointing stage.

(3) the yield level is more than 600 kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 36 kg / mu, and urea 20 kg / mu is applied in combination with irrigation from jointing stage to jointing stage.

(4) the yield level is less than 400 kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 18,24kg / mu, and urea is 10kg / mu in combination with irrigation from jointing stage to jointing stage.

About 2 kg / mu of sulfur can be applied in sulfur deficient areas, and the amount of sulfur can be reduced if other sulfur fertilizers are used, zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate can be applied in areas with zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency, and borax 0.5 kg / mu can be applied in boron deficient areas. It is advocated that combined with "one spray and three prevention", trace element foliar fertilizer should be sprayed at the filling stage of wheat or foliar spraying with 150kg 200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.51kg urea mixed with 50kg water. If organic fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.

(2) the rain-fed winter wheat area in North China. It includes the area north of the Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and the southeast of Henan Province.

1. Principles of fertilization

In the rain-fed winter wheat area of North China, the soil is mainly Shajiang black soil, the soil fertility is not high, the available phosphorus is relatively low, the lack of trace elements such as zinc and boron occurs from time to time, the soil plough layer is shallow, the ability of water and fertilizer conservation is poor, and the following fertilization principles are put forward.

(1) according to the results of soil testing formula fertilization, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the amount of phosphate fertilizer.

(2) the straw should be crushed and returned to the field, the application of organic fertilizer should be increased, organic-inorganic coordination should be advocated, and the ability of soil water and fertilizer conservation should be improved.

(3) attach importance to the application of trace elements such as zinc, boron and manganese.

(4) attention should be paid to the improvement of soils with acidification, salinization, consolidation and other problems.

(5) the combination of fertilizer application and high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. two。 Fertilization suggestion

2.1 recommended formula for base-topdressing combined fertilization scheme:

18-15-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. Fertilization suggestions:

The main results are as follows: (1) the yield level is 350 kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 280kg / mu, and urea 9kg / mu is applied in combination with irrigation from jointing stage to jointing stage.

(2) the yield level is 450-600 kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 36-47 kg / mu, and urea is 12-16 kg / mu from emergence to jointing stage combined with irrigation.

(3) the yield level is more than 600 kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 47-55 kg / mu, and urea is 16-19 kg / mu in combination with irrigation from jointing stage to jointing stage.

(4) the yield level is below 350 kg / mu, the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 20-28 kg / mu, and urea is applied 7-9 kg / mu from the stage of emergence to jointing stage combined with irrigation.

2.2 recommended formula for one-time fertilization scheme:

25-12-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula. Fertilization suggestions:

(1) the yield level is 350 to 450 kg / mu, and the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 3950 kg / mu, which is used as base fertilizer at one time.

(2) the yield level is 450-600 kg / mu, and the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 50-67 kg / mu, which is used as base fertilizer at one time.

(3) the yield level is more than 600 kg / mu, and the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 67-78 kg / mu, which is used as base fertilizer at one time.

(4) the yield level is less than 350 kg / mu, and the recommended amount of formula fertilizer is 280.39 kg / mu, which is used as base fertilizer at one time.

Zinc sulfate or manganese sulfate 1 kg / mu can be applied in zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency areas, and borax 0.5 kg / mu can be applied in boron deficiency areas. It is advocated that combined with "one spray and three prevention", trace element foliar fertilizer should be sprayed at the filling stage of wheat or foliar spraying with 150kg 200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.51kg urea mixed with 50kg water. If organic fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.

(3) Winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It includes the five provinces and cities of Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the southern part of Henan Province, and the south of the Huaihe River in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces.

1. Principles of fertilization

There are some problems in winter wheat in the Yangtze River basin, such as low amount of organic fertilizer, high proportion of nitrogen fertilizer and early application, lack of trace elements such as sulfur and zinc, etc., and the following fertilization principles are put forward.