Cultivation techniques of Green Food Sweet Potato

I. selection of sweet potato producing areas for green food

The green food sweet potato production base should choose sandy loam or loam with fresh air, pure water quality, unpolluted soil, good agricultural ecological environment, convenient drainage, deep soil layer and loose soil structure. rich in organic matter, water conservation, fertilizer conservation performance, PH value of 6.0Lue 7.5 sandy loam or loam, 2murl plants have not been planted for 3 years, and the land without any disease is required. The environmental conditions must comply with the provisions of the Environmental Technical conditions for Green Food producing areas (NY/T391-2000) of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Second, cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings

1. Select disease-resistant and high-quality varieties

Jishu 98 and virus-free Luxuan No. 1 were selected for starch type, and Xinong 431, Zheng Hong 2A and Meiying No. 1 were selected for fresh food type.

2. Seed potato selection and seed potato disinfection

Strict selection of seed potatoes, no diseases and insect pests, no freezing and wet damage, potato weight 150 ~ 250 grams (separated in size), agricultural resistance 120, Zhongshengmycin and so on to control black spot.

3. Seedling raising method, seedling time and breeding quantity

Using hot Kang and heat preservation film to raise seedlings, the effect of heat preservation and humidification is good; the Kang is on the Kang before Qingming Festival; the fresh food type is 35 tons per mu in the field and the starch type is 30 tons per mu in the field.

4. Seedbed management

① moisture: pour enough water at one time before going on the Kang to ensure that the seed potato has enough water before emergence, and water each time after pulling out the seedlings.

② temperature: increase the budding temperature (the highest return temperature after stopping the fire) from 38 ℃ to 41 ℃. When the temperature drops to 35 ℃, 36 ℃, start the fire and cease fire for 3 days before pulling seedlings.

③ air: after the hot Kang is covered with thermal insulation film, it is ventilated by convection every 3 min for 5 days, so that it will not rot under hypoxia.

III. Land preparation and ridges

After the soil was thawed in late March, the soil began to monopolize. The monopoly distance is uniform, the monopoly is straight, the monopoly surface is flat, the monopoly soil is loose, the soil is broken, and there is no leakage of tillage. The ridge is 50 centimeters wide.

IV. Fertilization

With ridging, 2500 kg of fermented organic fertilizer was applied per mu.

Potassium sulfate 10 kg, urea 3 kg, ammonium phosphate 5 kg.

5. Field planting

1. Time: plastic film mulching is cultivated in mid-late April, and seedling planting in open field is usually in early May.

2. Planting density: general dry land or short vine variety 4500000 plants / mu, fertile land or long vine variety 4000plant / mu.

VI. Field management

1. Prophase management

Check seedling replanting, early and middle ploughing, weeding (from survival period to before closing ridge, twice ploughing) to control underground insects; timely topping (main vine length 50~60cm), beating off undeveloped buds and then hitting the top of the group, which is beneficial to control the excessive growth of stems and leaves in the later stage.

2. Mid-term management

Drought prevention and drainage, when the soil is dry, pour a small amount of water. In the rainy season, timely drainage to ensure that there is no stagnant water in the field; control the crazy growing field, the number of leaf area exceeds 5.0 for a long time, can lift vines, do not turn seedlings; foliar fertilizer spraying to prevent premature senescence, such as leaf area coefficient less than 4.0, can be sprayed with 1% urea and 0.2-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture twice.

3. Post-management

Prevent premature senescence, control vigorous growth, lift vines without turning seedlings, spray 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, prevent drought and waterlogging, and control leaf-eating pests in time.

VII. integrated control techniques of sweet potato diseases and insect pests in green food

Priority should be given to agricultural measures, such as selecting disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties, cultivating strong seedlings, strengthening cultivation and management, ploughing and weeding, deep soil drying in autumn, cleaning the countryside, crop rotation, intercropping and intercropping, and a series of measures to control diseases, insect pests and weeds.

1. Agricultural measures: ① healthy potato seedlings, rotation, aiming at the main control objects of diseases and insect pests; clean fertilizer and water, strict management, promote the healthy growth of sweet potato plants, inhibit the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; ② reasonable close planting, clean the countryside, reduce the number of diseases and insect pests; ③ diseased potato plants, timely treatment. Take a peek at the disease center in the field for disease prevention and remove the diseased plants in time. During storage, seedling raising, the remains of diseased potato plants were found to be buried deeply.

2. Biological control

① control of sweet potato stem nematode disease: 3000-5000 times solution of 1.8% avermectin EC was used to irrigate the root (400-500ml/ plant).

② control aphids and underground insects such as golden needles, ground tigers and grubs: use 0.38% matrine EC 300 times to spray (control aphids) or irrigate roots (control underground pests).

③ control grubs, etc.: use 2% white fungus powder, dosage of 2kg/ mu, sprinkle before ridging or planting, seal the soil after application, strictly prevent the sun.

VIII. Harvest

The local temperature dropped to 12: 15 ℃ and the fresh and seed potatoes were harvested before "Frosts Descent". Fresh potatoes can also be harvested in advance as long as the tubers are fully expanded. Xu Xiuyan