High-yield cultivation techniques of Autumn spinach

First, select the plot to choose leeward to the sun, loose and fertile soil, good drainage conditions, neutral slightly acidic soil cultivation.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization overwintering spinach has a long growth period, if the basic fertilizer is not applied enough, the plant growth is weak before winter, which is not conducive to safe overwintering, and early bolting is easy to occur when the growth resumes in the next year. After the harvest of the previous crop, first remove the residue of the previous crop, and then apply sufficient basic fertilizer, applying 4,000 to 5000 kg of mature human and animal manure per mu, 50 kg of high concentration compound fertilizer and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, and then ploughing, raking and leveling. The flat bed cultivation is adopted, and the width of the bed is about 1.5 meters to ensure that it can be discharged and irrigated.

Third, the varieties with strong winter, late bolting, strong cold tolerance and high yield should be selected for autumn spinach cultivation, such as Dutch spinach, pointed-leaf spinach, spinach No. 10, spinach No. 9 and so on.

4. Sowing seeds at the right time before sowing, generally soak the seeds in cold water for 12 hours, then put them in the lowest layer of the refrigerator with a low temperature of 7: 8 ℃ for 24 hours for 26 hours, and then accelerate germination under the condition of 20: 25 ℃. You can also soak the seeds with 0.1% potassium nitrate for 16 hours and sow them when the seeds are white.

Fifth, the shell of spinach seeds sown scientifically is hard, it is not easy to absorb water, and it is difficult to complete seedlings. Therefore, there should be enough bottom water in the field before sowing. When sowing, if the weather is too dry, you must irrigate ahead of time, preserve soil moisture, and sow seeds every 1-2 days. If the soil moisture is OK, you should also pour enough water in the sowing ditch after opening the ditch. The seeds of Japanese spinach are large, full and neat with strong germination potential. When sowing, we can use the way of trenching and sowing along the border, with a distance of 18 cm to 20 cm, a depth of 2 cm, and a distance of 4 cm to 5 cm. Can be properly close planting, the sowing rate per mu should be controlled at 0.7-0.8 kg, the soil should be covered with 2-3 cm after sowing, and then gently suppressed to preserve soil moisture to help seedling emergence. If the soil moisture is suitable, the seedlings will be ready in 7 or 10 days after sowing.

Sixth, fertilizer and water management to protect spinach like fertile, moist, cold, avoid drought, stagnant water, for fast-growing vegetables. Therefore, it is necessary to provide sufficient fertilizer and water in time during the growth period. From sowing to finishing seedlings, it is necessary to keep the soil moist and ensure full seedlings. Ploughing and weeding in the 3-leaf stage, ventilating and promoting the root; in the 6-7 leaf stage, the spinach should be fertilized with water and the combination of fertilizer and water to promote the exuberant growth of spinach, with 10-15 kg urea per mu, fertilization method, watering after dry application or skillful weather fertilization when it rains; after closing, if you want to top fertilizer, you can apply ammonium bicarbonate water along with the water. If you encounter drought during your growth, you should water and moisturize frequently. In case of continuous rain, drainage should be dredged in time.

7. the main diseases of spinach to control diseases and pests are downy mildew and anthracnose, mainly harming leaves. The main pests are leaf miners and aphids, which should be controlled in time. Prevention and control methods: agricultural prevention and control practice 2-3 years of crop rotation, reasonable close planting, scientific irrigation, clean the countryside, timely removal of disease and disability. Chemical control: the disease can be sprayed with 64% poisonous alum, 52.5% Yikuangjing 1500 times, 70% methyl topiramate and other medicament. Insect pests can be sprayed with 75% Qianke 3000 times, 0.5% Haizheng Sanling 2500 times, 15% vegetables 1500 times 2000 times, 70% Amele 7000 times and so on.

Timely harvest when the spinach plant grows to 35 cm to 40 cm, it can be harvested in time, and the yellow leaves, withered leaves and diseased leaves should be removed and sold. Zhang Zhenyu