Planting techniques of Strawberry in greenhouse

1. Daejeon preparation

?? (1) A field that has not planted strawberries for many years is selected as Honda for the production of strawberries in greenhouse.

?? (2) Base fertilizer is fully applied in the field. About a month before planting, 15002000 kg of fully mature organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer for every 667 square meters, and ploughing and harrowing for many times.

(3) choose fine weather about 10 days before planting, and make the border head under the condition of good soil tillability. Before construction, 50 kg of imported ternary compound fertilizer and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied as noodle fertilizer, and 10 kg of phoxim granules were applied every 667 square meters to control grubs and other underground pests. The border is made of 7 rows of each greenhouse in the north-south direction (parallel to the greenhouse), the width of each of the middle 5 rows is 40-45 cm, each row is 2 rows, the width of the next 2 borders is 15-20 cm, the height of each ridge is 30-35 cm, and the depth of ridges and furrows is about 30-35 cm.

2. Colonization

The main results are as follows: (1) the planting period is in the middle of September, and it should not exceed the beginning of October at the latest.

(2) Seedling should be permeated around the nursery one day before seedling digging, in order to bring good soil mass, minimize root injury, and plant in greenhouse according to seedling size. If the seedling is raised in a nutrition bowl, the survival rate will be higher if the plastic bowl is removed when planting.

(3) the planting density of "Fengxiang" variety is about 20 cm in greenhouse, with 1800-2000 plants per greenhouse and 6000-7000 plants per 667 square meters.

(4) directional planting is convenient for management, and can reduce diseases and improve fruit quality. Plant 2 rows in each of the middle 5 rows, plant on both sides as far as possible (the distance between rows is controlled at about 30 cm), and recognize that the seedling arch of strawberry seedlings is planted on the back to the outside of the border. Two rows on both sides of the greenhouse are planted in a single row.

(5) the planting depth must be moderate. The base of the new stem must be buried in the soil to facilitate the occurrence of new roots, but the heart of the seedlings (a little part of the outer leaf stipules) can not be buried in the soil, especially pay attention to the weak seedlings can not survive, otherwise it is easy to cause the phenomenon of dead seedlings.

3. After planting, watering and stabilizing the root immediately after planting, and surviving in about 10 days, combining with weeding, loosening the soil among plants, choking roots, and often removing withered, old and diseased leaves, and do a good job of seedling replenishment in time.

The main results are as follows: (1) laying black plastic film can maintain soil moisture, inhibit the breeding of weeds, reduce the air temperature in the greenhouse, isolate the contact between strawberry fruit and soil, reduce diseases, and keep the fruit bright, clean and hygienic. The laying time of black plastic film is generally mid to late October, when strawberries are basically alive, and the work of weeding, loosening soil, bacon and seedling replenishment has been initially completed. The laying method is to cover the black plastic film on the ridge plant, touch the place of the seedling plant, tear a small hole in the plastic film, and then carefully pull out the leaves. Be sure to expose the central leaves of the seedlings, and the surrounding old leaves press the edge of the plastic film holes on the plastic film to make it close to the ground.

(2) after the plastic film is covered in the greenhouse, the heat preservation begins in Jinshan area from the end of October to the beginning of November. When the temperature continues to drop below 5 OC at night, buckle sheds should be added in the greenhouse. When the minimum temperature at night is further reduced to below 0 OC, a small ring shed should be added to the strawberry ridge.

(3) there are different requirements for air temperature in different periods of strawberry growth and development regulated by temperature and humidity, which should be satisfied as much as possible after increasing temperature in greenhouse. Because the flowering and fruiting of strawberry cultivated in greenhouse is continuous and cross, it is not conducive to the flowering and fruiting of strawberry to keep 24 OC~28 OC in daytime and 6 OC~8 OC at night, higher than 30 OC or less than 5 OC after budding. The air humidity in the greenhouse is very high, especially in the early morning to morning or cloudy and rainy weather, the relative humidity can reach 95% 100%, which hinders flowering and pollination, is easy to breed diseases, and the rotten fruit of gray mold is serious, so in addition to covering the black plastic film in the ridges, straw should also be laid at the bottom of the ridges to prevent water evaporation, and the wind should be ventilated to the one-sided skirt around 9: 00 on a sunny day, so that the humidity in the shed can be reduced to less than 75%.

(4) after plant finishing greenhouse strawberry accelerated plant growth, germinated a large number of tillers and stolons, which should be removed in time to increase the leaf area of the main stem and promote the timely germination of terminal flower buds and the emergence of strong terminal inflorescences. Generally speaking, a strawberry plant retains at most 1 or 2 more robust tillers. Remove old, senile and diseased leaves in time.

(5) the gibberellin treatment was generally carried out about 7 days after the greenhouse was covered with film (when the weather was fine). The main purpose of spraying gibberellin is to solve the phenomena of weak growth, creeping, dwarfing, small leaves, short petiole, short peduncle and so on. Take the variety "Fengxiang" as an example, the concentration is generally controlled at about 7PPM, and the dosage is 10-12 kg solution for each standard greenhouse. Fine weather should be selected for spraying. If the plant growth condition is not significantly improved after spraying, it can be sprayed again in the budding stage.

(6) Strawberries with sparse buds and flowers are numerous inflorescences and have many flowers. the development and opening process of these flowers will consume a lot of nutrients, especially those with higher grades, even if they set fruit, the fruit is of poor quality and has no economic value, so they should be thinned as soon as possible. Generally speaking, this work can be carried out after flowering. Mainly to leave 1, 2, 3 flowers, first remove 4, 5 buds, black flowers (frozen flowers) and seriously deformed fruits should be thinned. Generally speaking, there are 6 or 7 fruits in the apical inflorescence of each strawberry, and the amount of fruit retained in each inflorescence depends on the growth and harvest. In short, there should be no more than 15 large and small fruits at the same time. Combined with the work of thinning buds and flowers, the old leaves and peduncles are removed at any time.

(7) Strawberry topdressing in top dressing greenhouse is generally applied for 2 or 3 times after planting live trees to before and after mulching with black plastic film. Each shed (180 square meters) is poured with 1-1.5 kg urea dissolved in about 500 kg of water at a time. In the future, most of the topdressing will be carried out according to the seedling potential, spraying 0.5% urea 20 kg per 667 square meters.

(8) Black flowers will form black flowers after being protected from low temperature and freezing injury. For example, the flower buds 7-8 days before flowering can be damaged by minus 2 OC low temperature stamens, and the pistil from 3 days before flowering to one week after flowering will also be frozen to form black flowers at minus 2 OC low temperature, so it is necessary to prepare inner sheds and small ring sheds before severe cold to strengthen heat preservation. The lowest temperature in the greenhouse at night was kept at 3 OC~5 OC, which could effectively reduce the formation of black flowers.

(9) the prevention of abnormal fruit is mainly caused by air temperature, humidity, wind, improper spraying and other factors, generally speaking, it is caused by poor pollination. Therefore, by strengthening the heat preservation and humidity reduction in the winter greenhouse, avoiding spraying when the secondary flowers of each inflorescence are in full bloom as much as possible, and pollinating bees in the greenhouse, the formation of abnormal fruit can be significantly reduced.