The appreciation knowledge of Orchid

Carry forward the national orchid culture and spread the knowledge of orchids

The appreciation of orchids is a profound and complex issue, as the saying goes, "those who know are treasures, those who do not know know a grass." Why? Orchids show their value as a living work of art. For works of art, including handicrafts (if we can say so, we can also call garden flowers such as orchids "agronomic products". In order to be symmetrical with the works of art "handicrafts" of industrial products), the identification and evaluation of the artistic value of agricultural products is much more complex and difficult than that of ordinary practical industrial products and agricultural products. The identification and evaluation of general industrial products and agricultural products can be tested by chemical, physical, biological and other methods, and there can be the same inspection standard. The appraisal and evaluation of works of art depends entirely on the artistic feeling and perception of people with strong aesthetic ability. Including the eyesight of art, hearing (for music), smell, taste (such as the ability to identify fragrance, the identification and evaluation of cooking art, etc.), touch, thinking, imagination, association and other abilities. Unlike chemicals and physical instruments, people have their own personality and have their own interests, hobbies and tendencies.

So the evaluation of works of art (not to mention living works of art with biological life) is indeed a complex and profound thing. In spite of this, people with artistic aesthetic ability are all people, and works of art are all works of art after all, and there are still some common artistic laws for everyone to master, that is, in addition to individual language in the evaluation of works of art, there is a common common language. Therefore, there are not different opinions on the appreciation of orchids, and there are some common standards. All kinds of works of art are produced among people of certain nationalities and regions in a certain historical period, that is, they are produced in a certain cultural background, so works of art often have the blood relationship of its national cultural tradition. Appreciation and evaluation of works of art are also guided by the aesthetic concepts of their cultural traditions. National orchid, which is produced in China, has a long history and has the traditional background of oriental art. Therefore, the appreciation and evaluation of national orchid must also be guided by Chinese traditional aesthetic concept and aesthetic psychology. The truth in this is similar to the aesthetic concept and psychology of ancient Chinese poetry, traditional Chinese painting, Chinese calligraphy, garden architecture, flower bonsai, gold and jade ornaments, ceramic products and so on. Throughout the traditional Chinese art aesthetics, combined with the appreciation and evaluation of Guolan, there are probably the following four aspects.

First, the bone lattice flower leaf waits for the bone, the body tree skeleton. The bone pattern includes the texture, layout and growth of the whole orchid, the whole leaf, the whole arrow flower and the whole flower. Whether the texture is thick and flexible. Whether the layout is a personnel bureau, whether there is a certain pattern. Whether the growth is powerful, whether it is human. Bone lattice can be divided into positive lattice, odd lattice and positive singular lattice. Zhengge can be divided into upright ones, that is, the whole orchid is vigorous, handsome and powerful, such as Jian Zi Mo Su, the whole plant appears straight and handsome from leaves to flower stems. The petals of Chunlan Laimei are also regarded as beautiful, with an awe-inspiring momentum. So is Duan Huimei. The second is upright and beautiful, such as Xiandian Bai Mo Su, Liu Ye you Mo Su, Chunlan Da Fu Gui, and so on. There can also be a rigorous, rigorous pattern, such as some cymbidium, leaves opposite, neatly arranged, racemes of racemes are also neatly arranged and beautiful. The growth of some Taiwan orchids is also very neat. Qi GE wins by strange, such as Eagle claw green ink, its flowers also have bony lattice, petals are strong, multi-petal and irregular, asymmetrical, like eagle claws showing a tendency to hook into a strange grid. Qizheng phase such as Chunlan four Xi butterfly, petals more than other flowers and strange, but its layout is also quite neat, this is positive, its own style. Some Ye Yilan also have this characteristic, the so-called bony and strange person is also called. The "positive" of Chinese traditional aesthetic concept is moral integrity, integrity, nobility and elegance as the highest "positive", so the traditional aesthetic of orchids is pure color. The fragrance is also pure Qingyuan as the superior. This aesthetic tradition is in tacit agreement with some concepts of Chinese Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. It has a broad mass base in China, and it is also in line with the more reserved, beautiful and modest mentality of Easterners. I am afraid this kind of aesthetic psychology is not easy to change. There is no need to follow the aesthetic concepts of both sides. We can allow other aesthetic concepts to exist, as long as they are acceptable and harmless to the society, but there is no need to eliminate the traditional harmless aesthetic concepts. This is self-evident.

Second, the dynamic and long state of the charm bone case is the charm. The most beautiful charm is the style and rhyme. Charm also has a variety of styles. Plump and rich, such as Chunlan's lotus petal flower Zheng Tonghe, Zheng Xiaohe and so on. Autumn orchid's big leaf lotus element, big leaf Phoenix tail element, its flower pattern leaf shape also gives the person with the strong feeling. Elegant and beautiful, such as blue and white cold orchid, autumn orchid, golden branches, jade leaves and so on. Elegant and relaxed, such as willow leaf white ink, hanging leaf cold orchid and so on. Soft and elegant, such as Renhua Phnom Penh Orchid, Fish, Renhua White and so on. Charm is mainly shown in the posture and shape of leaves, stems and flowers, as well as in the layout of flowers in racemes. In short, the growth of orchids in the whole forest should give people a sense of rhythm and rhythm.

Third, grain mining mainly refers to the beauty of lines, color and luster. Chinese traditional art pays great attention to the beauty of lines, and the art of calligraphy of Chinese characters and the art of drawing lines have high aesthetic value of line beauty. The lines of orchid leaves are either standing or semi-standing or drooping or drooping or curling, and those who are qualified in growth can always give people a sense of beauty in lines. The petal shape of narrow orchids can also give people a sense of beauty in lines. The lines in Ye Yi and Flower Art, such as Phnom Penh, Silver Edge, and the lines on the leaves of "Zodiac" and "Da Xun" are as beautiful as those set on them. The colored lines in the petals of some ink orchids, autumn orchids and spring orchids are also very beautiful. The lines in Ye Yi and Flower Art are more expensive than those in Ming Dynasty, and the lines are marked out. The colors of leaves and flowers, no matter what color they are, are of more ornamental value to those that are solid and bright. The brightness of the flowers is also shown in whether it is out of the shelf (that is, higher than the leaf surface), the shelf is the best, followed by the flat shelf. If the flower stem is shorter than the leaf surface, it is still obvious and clear that it is also desirable. Those who are not easy to see in the hidden leaves of flowers have poor ornamental value. Although the flower is pure color, plain color is better, but if the contrast of mixed color flower color is good, bright color is also desirable. Petal color lines, spots, such as bright, good color, but also have ornamental value. The tongue flap is the same, the tongue spot has its own characteristics, and sometimes becomes a strange flower. For example, all the flowers of the autumn orchid are white, the scarlet on the tip of the tongue is eyebrow Jiao Su, and the person with a bright red dot in the center of the tongue is Zhu tasselu, all of which are famous flowers.

The traditional Chinese aesthetics attaches great importance to the inner beauty of works of art and natural objects, that is, whether there is air or not. God is the spirit, that is, whether there is inner spirituality, inner spirit. The most touching thing about works of art and beautiful natural objects lies not only in its external beauty, but also in its inner meaning, that is, whether it can excite people's hearts, enlighten people's imagination and association, stimulate people's emotions, and make people moved. Bao Hui, a native of the Song Dynasty, said: "where its splendor leaked and exposed, it was all sent in the table, but there was absolutely nothing in it, shallow; if it means that the charm is implicit, hidden in it, and its appearance is indifferent, if there is no external decoration, it is deep." This is the kind of emphasis on inner beauty. Spring orchid Song plum, autumn orchid fish, simple and calm, very rich in inner beauty, so its reputation as a famous flower has lasted for a long time. Wang Fuzhi said, "those who are angry are angry, that is, the harmony of heaven and qi." Song Shi said, "what is Qi?" Mencius said, "it is an unknown person. If there are ghosts and spirits, they will be overcast." Qi is a kind of internal vitality, which flows in the aesthetic object and is the most attractive thing. Ye Yilan Dharma and Daxun are both elegant and vigorous, giving people the impression that they are very angry. High-spirited and full of spirit because of his full spirit. The traditional aesthetic of orchids attaches great importance to whether the stems and flowers of orchids are out of the shelf (that is, higher than the leaves), which is also a manifestation of its air. According to the theory of plant growth in ancient China, the reason why plants are vigorous and upward is led by their own internal "Qi". The more Qi, the more beautiful the growth. The upright pat of the flower stem, or even out of the shelf, is not only a sign of gas, but also a sign of spirit. Enterprise leaves or soft leaves white ink, often in the lunar month, each pot of five or seven stems, snow-white and fresh and handsome to stand up, and then staggered around to stretch the handle to bear buds and even blossom, exuberant, a jubilant scene, the manner of a gentleman, is a famous flower. Although Chunlan Cuigai, Jane butterfly and so on are not out of the shelves, the flowers are under the leaves, but they look chic, with several florets, just like each little "elf", smart and treasured. The four aspects mentioned above often do not exist in isolation from each other, but are closely related to each other. for example, we can also use "style", "style", "spirit", "charm", "charm", "backbone" and other words to express. Among them, the grain style mostly shows its external beauty, the charm and bone character have both external beauty and internal beauty, and the air mostly shows its inner beauty. Several aspects of comprehensive appreciation, both shape and spirit, orchids can be appreciated and identified. As mentioned above, domestic orchids have a long history, especially Chinese flavor, and must be appreciated and evaluated with traditional Chinese aesthetic concepts. This traditional aesthetic in China has its profound philosophical basis, and its main one is the philosophical basis of Confucianism. Confucius' theory of "landscape benevolence and wisdom" regards the process of observing all things in nature as a process in which the moral aesthetic concept of the subject seeks to reproduce in the object, that is, personifying the natural landscape flowers (note: here is not just a simple metaphor for the natural landscape flowers, but people enter the natural landscape flowers and seek things that express their morality, sentiment and aesthetic feeling. Then express this experience, which is a bit symbolic), in order to achieve the realm of "induction between heaven and man" and "unity of man and nature".

Therefore, the appreciation languages we mentioned above, such as bone style, charm, grain style, air and so on, can be used to appreciate flowers, and can also be used to evaluate people themselves, such as saying that this person is "bony and strange" or "quite elegant" and so on. Therefore, when we talk about the bony style, charm, grain style and demeanor of orchids, we do not entirely mean the object of orchids, but also inject into the aesthetic pursuit of the above mentioned by flower appreciators, and also have their subjective emotions and consciousness. it is felt and said by the flower appreciator when appreciating the flowers. From this point of view, it can be said that the flower appreciator "endows" the orchid with beauty (in fact, the orchid itself has its inherent objective factor that can be discovered by the aesthetic person, while the flower appreciator has the aesthetic ability to discover this kind of beauty. flower watchers reveal the beauty of orchids through aesthetics). On the other hand, it can also be said that orchids stimulate the beauty of flower watchers, and it is orchids that cultivate the aesthetic ability of flower watchers. There is a famous saying in the art world that "it is excellent actors who cultivate and improve the appreciation ability and level of the audience", and "it is the educated audience that trains and improves the performance ability and level of actors". With some of the same reason, we also seem to say that "it is the famous orchids who cultivate and improve the aesthetic ability and level of people who appreciate orchids." it can also be said that it is people who have the aesthetic ability and level to discover the beauty of orchids and improve the aesthetic value of orchids through the efforts of gardeners. These are words that belong to the psychology of appreciation, aesthetics and the creation of beauty. That's all about the taste of orchids.

Orchids, you are a good teacher on the way to raise orchids.