Key points of Cuttage Propagation of Cryptomeria fortunei

Cunninghamia lanceolata, also known as Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cunninghamia lanceolata and so on, is often cultivated as foliage plants in China. Now many flower friends will make different-leaf southern fir into bonsai, which is also of high ornamental value. Artificial propagation of Cunninghamia lanceolata can be done by cutting. The editor will introduce to you the cutting methods and matters needing attention.

Araucaria heterophylla

1. Construction of cuttage bed

The cutting bed is made of bricks, 25m high and 10 cm wide, the length is determined by the number of cuttings, the bed bottom is flat, the cutting substrate is enlarged in the bed, and the cutting substrate can be put into use after a little leveling and compaction.

2. Selection of cutting environment

The choice of cuttage environment is very important for cuttage survival. The suitable rooting temperature of Araucaria heterophylla is 15-25 ℃, humidity is 70%-80%, and there is enough light. It is better to use weak shade. Choose the cuttage place set under such humid conditions for cuttage propagation, which is easy to form adventitious roots and adventitious buds. The survival rate is high.

III. Cutting Methods

Root cutting is best in rows, plant spacing is 4cm, row spacing is 6cm, strip width is 6cm, length is 100cm, thickness is 2cm, row spacing is placed on sand bed, oblique groove is opened along the edge of board with small shovel, depth is about 7cm, ear strip is inserted into sand bed by 2/3 is good, then ear strip is neatly placed in groove with equal distance of about 4cm, be sure to face upward, then cover sand compaction, irrigate water once after planting.

Main points of sowing and cutting propagation of Araucaria sinensis

Araucaria (details) is an evergreen tree of Araucaria family. Its leaves are dark green and the whole plant is beautiful and solemn. Now there are many flower friends who will make Araucaria into bonsai to decorate the venue and hall. So how should araucaria reproduce?

Araucaria (details)

1. Sowing

Araucaria can be propagated by sowing or cutting. Araucaria cultivated in the north rarely bears seeds and is often propagated by cuttings. In spring, erect new shoots or long branches from lateral buds are collected as cuttings (if lateral branches or weak branches are used as cuttings, the crown shape of cultivated plants is not correct and the ornamental value is lost). The cuttings are 7 cm long and can be rooted by inserting them into the greenhouse sand bed at 13~16℃ and 60~80% relative humidity. Or young trees will be truncated, wait for the top lateral buds out of upright shoots, spring and then cut branches cuttage.

II. Cutting

It is better to break seed coat before sowing to promote germination. Seed seedlings have long straight roots and few fibrous roots. Seedling transplantation is easy to cause dead seedlings. Technical points such as root protection, fine planting, heat preservation and shade can improve seedling survival rate. Root-cut seedlings can be washed with clean water and inserted into plain sand. They can re-root from the cross section after 1~2 weeks at appropriate temperature. The seedlings with broken buds and broken stems can be planted as usual, and new buds will sprout after a certain period of time after survival.

Araucaria cunninghamii Araucaria cunninghamii Nanyang Cunninghamia lanceolata: how to raise Nanyang fir / how to breed Cunninghamia lanceolata how to breed Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cunninghamia lanceolata introduction to the introduction of Cunninghamia lanceolata evergreen trees, native to Novo Island, Australia, it has a variety of names, according to the territorial title are Yingshan, Australian Sequoia, Nuohe Cedar, Nanyang fir. According to the leaf title, there are different leaf Sequoia, lobular Nanyang fir, beautiful Nanyang fir, according to the form, there are tower Nanyang fir, Hainan Nanyang fir and so on. There are some varieties such as Cunninghamia lanceolata and Novak Sequoia introduced into China. The trunk of Ken's Sequoia is in a tower shape, with branches extending horizontally, uniform wheel spacing, distinct layers, no thorns, and terminal appearance. It is the top grade of foliage plants, mostly potted. Nuohe Keshan is a good ornamental product for gardens, which can be planted at a height of more than 30 meters. It likes warmth and sunshine, can withstand high temperature of 40 ℃ and low temperature of minus 5 ℃, and can survive in the open field around the line of 27 ℃ north latitude (Novak Island is located at 27 ℃ south latitude). The morphological characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata are as high as 60 to 70 meters in the origin, with a DBH of more than 1 meter, and the bark is gray-brown or dark gray, thick, transversely lobed; the branches of the fir (ink chart) are spreading or obliquely extended, the crown of the young trees is tower-shaped, and the old trees are flat-topped, with dense lateral branchlets, drooping and nearly pinnate. Leaf type 2: the leaves of young trees and lateral branches are loosely arranged, spreading, cone-shaped, needle-shaped, falcate or triangular, 7-17 mm long, base about 2.5 mm wide, slightly curved, slightly quadrangular or upper (ventral) ridge inconspicuous, with most stomatal lines above, lower stomatal lines irregular or nearly non-stomatal lines, upper tapering, apex with acuminate or acuminate tip The leaves on the big branches and flower and fruit branches are closely arranged and overlapped, extending obliquely upward, slightly curved upward, ovate, triangular-ovate or triangular, without a conspicuous back or longitudinal ridge below, 6-10 mm long. Cones ovoid or elliptic, 6-10 cm long and 4 cm wide, base wide, upper part narrowing or slightly rounded, apex pointed or obtuse, midvein obvious or obscure, gray-green above, powdery, with many stomatal lines, green below, only irregular sparse stomatal lines in the middle and lower parts. Male cones solitary, Terete. Cones ovate or elliptic, 6-10 cm long and 4.5-7.5 cm in diameter; bract scales cuneate-Obovate, thinly winged on both sides, apex broad and thick, with acute ridges, with acute long caudate tip, tip conspicuously retrorse; apex of Shezhuang heavy forest thin, not thick; seeds elliptic, with United membranous wings on both sides. The ecological habits of Cunninghamia lanceolata like warm climate, fresh and humid air, soft and sufficient light, not cold-resistant, avoid drought, need sufficient sunshine in winter, avoid strong sunlight in summer, and are afraid of dry winds in northern spring and hot sun in midsummer. It grows best in the environment with a temperature of 25 ℃-30 ℃ and relative humidity of more than 70%. Pot culture requires loose and fertile soil with high humus content and strong drainage and air permeability. The selection of root ear mother plant in the cultivation technique of Cunninghamia lanceolata the root ear mother plant is the reproductive mother to provide high quality seed strips, which must be strictly selected in order to maintain the excellent characteristics of the female parent. Generally use 5-10-year-old trees, suitable for green seedlings, its strong growth, no diseases and insect pests, thick green leaves, tight twigs, good performance of the plant. The collection of roots and ears every year from April to May is not only a good time for landscaping, but also the best time for cutting propagation. A large number of green seedlings come out of the nursery. Take this opportunity to collect the remaining roots of the seedlings after excavation, and also dig out part of the roots of the shallower part of the soil layer of Cunninghamia lanceolata trees. As a material for cutting propagation. Treatment of roots and ears in asexual reproduction the treatment of roots and ears of Cunninghamia lanceolata is an important link related to cutting into living roots. the root panicles of Cunninghamia lanceolata are treated in time by selecting the roots with a cross section of 0.8-1.2Cm, cutting the 10cm, arranging them in turn according to the head and tail, and putting them in a cool and ventilated place, so as to make the fleshy roots evaporate too much water to prevent rotting, and the drying time is generally appropriate for about a week. Selection of cutting substrate and environment the pure river sand with particle size of 0.5-1.Omm is selected as the cutting substrate, which has the advantages of good ventilation and drainage. The construction of the cutting bed is made of brick, 25m high and 10Ocm wide, the length depends on the number of cuttings, the bottom of the bed is flat, the cutting substrate is enlarged in the bed, and it can be put into use after slightly leveling and compaction. The selection of cutting environment is very important for cuttage survival. The suitable rooting temperature of Cryptomeria fortunei is 15-25 degrees, the humidity is 70% Mur80%, and there is enough light. Weak shading is better. Choose the cutting place set up under such humid conditions for cutting propagation, easy to form adventitious roots and adventitious buds, and the survival rate is high. Cutting method: root cuttage is better with row cutting, plant spacing 4cm, row spacing 6cm. Use wide 6cm, long 1OOcm, thick 2cm lath as ruler, put on sand bed as row spacing, use small shovel to open oblique trench along the edge of wood, depth is about 7cm, spike insert sand bed to 2x3 is better, then put spike neatly in ditch with 4cm or so equidistant, be sure to put head up, then cover sand compaction, water once after cutting. Seedlings transplanted with Cunninghamia lanceolata like warm and humid, shade-tolerant, not cold-tolerant, seed-sown seedlings have long taproots and few fibrous roots. When seedlings are transplanted, they are easy to die. In order to improve the survival rate of southern fir seedling transplantation, we should pay attention to the following technical points. 1. Root protection because the lateral roots of young seedlings of Cunninghamia lanceolata are rare and the hairy roots are fine, they will wither and wither if they are not paid attention to, so it is very important to protect the roots of seedlings. First of all, the soil should be transported with the basin, and the original culture soil should be kept wet. Secondly, the seedlings should be planted immediately after they are bought back. If it is too late for planting, they should be placed in a cool and moist place and should not be exposed to the sun, so as to protect the seedlings, especially the root system. In addition, when the temperature is low in winter, the root system is easy to be frozen during transportation, so attention should be paid to heat preservation. Second, when fine planting, the seedlings should take the original soil as far as possible, the planting soil should be loose and fine, do not press the root soil too hard, and pour enough fixed root water after planting. In addition, the taproot of seed-sown seedlings is long, and the planting should be deeper, so as not to expose and lodge the roots and affect the survival. Third, thermal insulation Nanyang fir is not cold-resistant, if you buy seedlings in winter or early spring, in addition to anti-freezing in the process of transportation, there should also be heat preservation measures after planting, such as planting in a greenhouse or covered with plastic film arch. Fourth, shade Nanyang fir is a shade-tolerant flower, the seedlings are more afraid of exposure, so they should be shaded immediately after planting. Fifth, the seedling tissue of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings treated with broken seedlings is young and easy to be broken, which can be remedied by the following measures. The seedlings with broken roots can be washed with clean water and inserted in plain sand. At suitable temperature, the roots can be re-rooted from the cross section after 1 Mel for 2 weeks, and then planted after the root system is developed. The seedlings with broken buds, broken stems and leaves can be fixed as usual, and new buds will sprout after a certain period of time after survival. The process of making bonsai is not complicated. Its growth habits, like light, like humid climate and acidic fertile soil. First mix the culture soil before putting on the basin, and then choose a purple sand elliptical ceramic basin according to the size of the tree. In the selection of materials to seedlings for good, generally take about 50 centimeters of seedlings, raw Nanyang fir long and stout, short internodes, the color of dark green as the top grade. At the beginning of the basin, first lift out the mud basin, peel off the appropriate soil from the bottom up, and be careful not to damage the water-absorbing root. Then cover the bottom of the basin with culture soil one to two centimeters thick, determine the viewing surface, put the billet on one end of the basin, straighten the plant, install the culture soil, gently pier, and then shape the upper part. It is difficult to shape the upper part of southern fir, and there are four to five whorled branches in each layer from bottom to top. First of all, cut off the bottom whorled branches, then cut off the upper and lower horizontal branches from the left side of the tree, and then cut off one branch before and after each, and then climb and pull the upper individual branches slightly, the branch support appears to be natural and orderly. Because the base of the trunk of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings is about the same thickness, wrap the trunk into a thick and thin tree body with prepared brown slices, and then gently tie it up with brown twisted string, not too tight. In this way, the base of the trunk is thick and thin, forming a large tree-shaped crown. There are no protruding roots at the root plate at the base, so it needs to be properly added with several purple-brown curved roots to highlight the soil surface to show stability, which solves the disadvantage of bonsai trees without roots as cuttings. Finally, it is accompanied by a small brown elephant stone, which is more interesting and ignorant of the scenery of the south. In this way, a lush, beautiful and generous bonsai of southern fir is unfolded in front of us. After completing the above work, pour enough root water and keep it in the shade for half a month, then it can be transferred to routine management. In order to make vigorous growth, the leaves are sprayed with a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dung once a month in summer and autumn, so as to keep the leaf color thick green. Pot management of loose soil watering and planting after timely watering and loosening topsoil to reduce water evaporation. Usually watering should be moderate, frequently watering during the growing season, watering 2-3 times a week, infiltration depth of 10-15 cm is appropriate. With the growth of seedlings, the number of watering decreases, often keep the basin soil and the surrounding environment moist, strictly prevent drought and waterlogging. In the season of high temperature and drought, you should often spray water or spray to the leaf surface and the surrounding environment to increase air humidity and keep the soil moist. Avoid summer basin soil is too dry or winter water is too large, too dry or too wet are easy to cause lower leaves to droop soft. Avoid strong light exposure in summer, can be placed in the shade of the shed, often sprinkle water, in order to maintain high air humidity. Plastic management of Cunninghamia lanceolata to upright and upright for the United States, in the second year of cutting seedlings, or when sowing seedlings grow to about 50 cm, should be wrapped with a stick to support, in order to prevent plant distortion and affect the ornamental effect. The young trees should change their pots once every year or every other spring, and the plants for more than five years should turn the pots and change the soil every two or three years, combined with spraying dwarf to control the height of southern fir. At the end of April or early May, the northern area comes out to take shelter from the wind and the sun for maintenance. Proper shading is needed in midsummer, and the basin is turned at the right time in the growing season, so as to prevent the tree-shaped growth from deviating and affecting the ornamental. Cunninghamia lanceolata is not resistant to severe cold. In the northern region, Cold Dew moved indoors at the end of September or early October, where there is plenty of sunshine and air circulation, forbid fertilizer and control water, and the room temperature should not be lower than 8 ℃. Potted Cunninghamia lanceolata should be mixed with rotten leaf soil, peat soil, pure river sand and a small amount of mature organic fertilizer. In the basin soil, it is better to mix 3 parts of loam, 1 part of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of coarse sand and a small amount of plant ash, and the depth of the soil layer lies in the bud point of the upper layer just exposed on the soil surface. Since the sprouting of new buds in spring, applying dilute organic liquid fertilizer and calcium fertilizer once or twice a month can keep the plant fresh and oily. Monthly management January: do a good job of cold prevention through the winter, the room temperature should be more than 10 ℃, control watering, stop fertilization, give sufficient light. February: same as the previous month. March: the weather turns warm, properly increase watering and fertilization, and do a good job of indoor ventilation. Usually pay attention to protect the side branches, so as not to damage and affect the plant shape, under normal circumstances, there is no need for pruning and shaping, it is better to let it grow naturally. April: change the basin once every 2-3 years, and the basin soil can be made of peat soil, rotten leaf soil plus 1 to 4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer. May: can be moved outdoors to cover 50% of the sun and 70% of the sun. During the growing period, in addition to watering, water should also be sprayed to the leaf surface and the ground to reduce the ground temperature and increase air humidity. During the growing period, topdressing should be applied 1-2 times a month. In order to maintain a good plant shape, attention should be paid to turning the basin position frequently to make it receive light evenly and keep the plant shape straight. June: cutting propagation, must use the terminal bud, but not the side branch, because the side branch cutting seedlings can not be upright, but can only grow horizontally. The cuttings are about 15 cm long and are inserted into a bed made of coarse sand or vermiculite. About 1-3-1-2 cuttings are inserted into the bed to maintain 20-25 ℃ and high air humidity. It can take root in 4-6 months. July: same as last month. August: same management as the previous month. September: the weather turns cool, control watering, fertilization, give sufficient light. In order to avoid the bending of plant growth, a thin bamboo pole is inserted next to the seedling to give support to ensure that the plant shape is correct and beautiful. October: move indoors, control watering, stop fertilization, and increase light. In order to prevent the tree-shaped crown, the pot should be turned once every semimonthly. November: do a good job of heat preservation in winter. Just keep the soil moist. Turn the basin once every half a month. December: same as last month. Disease control of Cunninghamia lanceolata [symptom]: disease on leaves. The leaves first produce small brown spots, and then expand and spread, causing local branches and leaves to turn brown and die. [pathogen]: Colletotrichum derridis [prevention and treatment]: 1. Clean the countryside, remove the sick and disabled bodies in time, and take them out of the field for burning or deep burial. 2. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 700 times or more than 40% at the initial stage of the disease. Sulfur suspension 600 times solution, once every 7-10 days, continuous prevention and treatment for 3-4 times. Leaf blight [symptom]: some or all of the injured needles turn grayish brown to gray-white dry, with small black grains on them. [pathogens and characteristics]: the pathogens are semi-known subphylum fungi, mainly Macrophoma sp., Phyllosticta sp., Diplodia sp. All the pathogens survived the winter with mycelium and conidia in diseased leaves and remnants. The conidia are transmitted and infected by wind and rain. The disease is more common in warm and rainy years and seasons. [control method]: refer to the prevention and control of leaf blight of Luohan pine. It can also be sprayed with 40% polysulfide suspension, or 30% copper chloride suspension, or 25% nitrilidazole EC 8000 times, or 40% flusilazole EC 8000 times, or 50% methyl hydroxonium water agent 1500 times, or 69% Anke manganese zinc + 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1500 times, or 65 grams of bacteria wettable powder 600x. In the garden where the disease often occurs, the spray is sprayed once in winter and spring combined with cleaning the garden, and spraying on the ground and trees will achieve better results. Scale insects can be controlled with 40% omethoate 1000-1500 times solution. The causes of yellow leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata can be attributed to the following five points: 1. The light is too weak. If it is maintained in a place with good light, Cunninghamia lanceolata grows well, and it will show the phenomenon of leaf yellowing and leaf shedding in the place of light for a long time, which needs to be moved to the light, otherwise the plant will further aggravate the disease. 2. Overwatering. The watering principle of Cunninghamia lanceolata is to see dry and wet, do not water too much or too often, basin soil is not dry, otherwise the root system will rot due to lack of oxygen, making it difficult to absorb water and nutrients, and the plant will show symptoms of discomfort. [3] 3. Harm of low temperature or high temperature. When the temperature is below 5 degrees, the leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata will turn yellow and fall off a little. In the high temperature period, if the air humidity is low, there will be a large number of yellow leaves. 4. The air humidity is too low or the wind is too strong, resulting in acute dehydration and yellowing of leaves. This needs to be put in a shelter, or often spray water, sprinkle water, improve air humidity. 5. Infection of disease. It is generally necessary to spray prevention with carbendazim, chlorothalonil and other drugs. Because the seed coat is solid and the germination rate is low, it is best to break the seed coat before planting in order to promote its germination. In addition, the seeded seedlings are vulnerable to diseases and insect pests, so the soil used should be strictly disinfected. Seeds had better be germinated by sand bed or the above-mentioned shell-breaking sowing method to improve the germination rate of seeds, which can germinate in about 30 days. Cuttage propagation is easy and widely used. Generally, cuttings are carried out in spring and summer, but the main branches must be selected as cuttings, and the plants grown with side branches as cuttings are askew rather than straight. The cuttings are 10 to 15 cm long and can take root in about 4 months under the conditions of 18 ℃ to 25 ℃ and high air humidity. If the base of the cuttings was soaked in 200 ppm indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 5 hours before cutting, it could promote its rooting ahead of time. If you want to get more main branches as cuttings, the young trees can be topped so that many upright shoots are produced at the top and cut off as cuttings in spring. The top-cutting mother plant can continue to grow terminal buds in the future, which can be used for permanent reproduction of the mother plant. The soil of potted Cunninghamia lanceolata should be made of 40% peat soil, 40% rotten leaf soil and 20% river sand. During the growing period, the basin soil should be kept moist, which will make the lower leaves drooping and soft when it is too dry, but it should be kept slightly dry in winter. The room temperature should be kept above 5% in winter, and the low temperature will kill the growing point. If there are conditions in the greenhouse, the whole plant can be planted in the ground after girdling at the appropriate height, and the depth of the incision is more than 10 cm. After about 1 ~ 2 years, the new root of the plant is strong, and then the plant is put on the pot. at this time, the old root can be removed, and the new plant is more sturdy and more ornamental. The distribution area of Cunninghamia lanceolata is native to the southeast coastal area of Oceania. China Guangzhou, Hainan Island, Xiamen and other places are cultivated as garden trees, fast-growing southern fir-trunk, has blossomed and fruited; there are potted plants to the north of the Yangtze River. The varieties of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Australia and New Guinea, Guangzhou, Hainan Island and Xiamen in China are classified into Araucaria bidwillii Hook. Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) The function and ornamental value of Franco Nanyang fir is tall and graceful. Together with cedar, Japanese golden pine, North American sequoia and golden pine, it is known as the five largest park tree species in the world. It is most suitable to plant alone as a landscape tree or as a memorial tree, but also as a street tree. However, it is appropriate to choose a place where there is no strong wind, so as to avoid the deviation of the crown. Cunninghamia lanceolata is also a precious indoor potted decorative tree species. Cunninghamia lanceolata is a beautiful landscape tree, which can be planted alone, arranged or planted in the bushes. It can also be used as a large sculpture or landscape architecture background tree. Cunninghamia lanceolata is also a precious indoor potted decoration tree species, which is very elegant for the decoration of the hall environment. Nanyang fir tree is steeple-shaped, luxuriant branches and leaves, triangular or oval leaves, is one of the world-famous garden trees; it can be planted, isolated or planted in trees, and can also be used as a background tree for sculpture or landscape architecture. It can also be used as a street tree, but it is appropriate to choose a place where there is no strong wind to avoid the deviation of the canopy. Seedling potted plants are suitable for the embellishment of living rooms, corridors and study rooms of ordinary families; they can also be used to decorate various forms of meeting rooms and exhibition halls; they can also be used as gifts for relatives and friends to open their business and move to home. The wood value of Nanyang fir is of good quality. it is an important timber tree species in Australia and South Africa, which can be used for construction, appliances, furniture and so on. Nanyang fir pictures