Cotton planting in Heilonggang area during the 13th five-year Plan

The Heilonggang area of our province includes 50 counties (cities and districts) of 6 prefecture-level cities, covering an area of 34000 square kilometers and a population of about 18.5 million, accounting for 18.5% and 26.4% of the province respectively. The region is located in the warm temperate zone, rich in light and heat resources, rain and heat at the same time, accounting for 60% of the plain area of the province. There is more arable land per capita, which is an important agricultural planting area in the country. Among them, Handan, Xingtai, Hengshui and Cangzhou are the main distribution areas of cotton in Hebei Province.

Due to the low-lying terrain and poor water discharge in Heilonggang area, coupled with the influence of monsoon climate and low-lying alluvium, underground fresh water resources are scarce and seriously overexploited, drought and waterlogging disasters have always occurred frequently, and it is also an area often affected by the combined hazards of drought, waterlogging, salt and barren.

In 2017, cotton planting in Heilonggang area may usher in development opportunities. In order to maintain the stable development of cotton planting in this area during the 13th five-year Plan (2016-2020) and create conditions for scale expansion, the author puts forward the following views for reference.

I. guiding ideology of cotton planting

Based on the market demand, we should firmly grasp the three fundamental tasks of "reducing input, ensuring per unit yield and making up for deficiencies", with the fundamental purpose of "maximizing the income per mu" and the key goal of creating "strong market competitiveness of products". Give full play to the subjective initiative of people in cotton planting In order to improve cotton growers' knowledge and skills of "cotton growth law and regulation, nutrition supply and demand and fertilization, occurrence law of diseases and insect pests and prevention and control" as the main way, it began to "change from mainly relying on physical strength to mainly relying on intellectual cotton planting". The realization of "the historic transformation of cotton planting mainly by intelligence" is a long-term and gradual process. The operation of machinery and equipment can be solved by means of social service. Machinery and equipment are important, but human intelligence is more important. The intellectual deficiency of cotton growers is the main way out of the predicament of cotton planting in Heilonggang area.

The determination of the guiding ideology is based on the following research and judgment: the expected market price of 6 to 8 yuan per kilogram of seed cotton will come; there will be no qualitative breakthrough in the scale and degree of mechanization of cotton planting in Heilongjiang Port during the 13th five-year Plan; the main body and scale of cotton planting are still dominated by small areas of farmers (515 mu); it is very difficult for breakthrough varieties to be used for production in a large area during the 13th five-year Plan.

In view of the harsh cotton planting conditions in Heilonggang area, it is difficult to guarantee the stability of high-quality cotton fiber, so the main production goal should not be to meet the market demand for high-end fiber quality.

Second, reduce input and ensure per unit yield

In order to ensure the yield of seed cotton 200,000kg per mu as the goal, determine the capital investment of 400,000,600 yuan per mu, ensure the bottom line of 2 yuan per kilogram of seed cotton, create a strong market competitiveness of the products, and expand the income per mu as much as possible.

In order to achieve the fundamental purpose of cotton planting, which is to expand the income per mu, we must pay attention to it from the two aspects of "cost reduction and insurance policy production". The per unit yield is greatly affected by the weather, so it is more difficult to maintain the per unit yield. The cost reduction is completely controlled by people, and it is easier to achieve as long as you make up your mind. As the era of high cotton prices is over, cotton planting regardless of investment is a thing of the past. At the present stage, cotton planting should be "invested in Yuan Yuan to care about, and yield protection should be haggled over". In addition to irresistible natural disasters, to minimize the error of man-made cotton management. Those who should not vote, those who can vote but not, and those whose gains outweigh their losses will not vote. For example: "nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the same amount of compound fertilizer ('three 15%,' three 17%, 'three 19%')" should not be invested, "too fine pruning" can be cast but not, and the loss outweighs the gain.

The introduction of the "budget system" in economics, the setting of revenue and expenditure, profit and loss "master switch", all the expenditure in the budget is generally necessary and has better expectations.

1. In the dry and thin land without watering, the yield preservation index is 200 kg / mu of seed cotton. Early maturing and small plant type varieties with a density of 6000 plants / mu were selected to give full play to the population advantage and ensure 45000 effective bolls per mu. The techniques of foliar fertilizer spraying and wide irrigation of urea solution after rain, as the main "magic weapon" to deal with the drought, were included in the plan and prepared. Under the condition of not renting land, not hiring workers, and cotton farmers' investment regardless of expenses, the capital investment per mu is strictly controlled within 400 yuan. It can only guarantee the output of 150 kilograms, and the investment per mu cannot exceed 300 yuan. Although the yield per unit area is low and the income per mu is less, each household can have a variety of cotton to increase the total income.

two。 In the middle and low-grade cotton fields that can be watered in case of drought, the yield is 250 kg, the density is 4000-5000 plants, and the effective boll per mu is more than 50,000. The capital investment per mu is still controlled at 400 yuan; in addition, the lease of land can be expanded to increase the total income. If the rent per mu is 200 yuan, the cotton planting area can be doubled, and the capital investment per mu after dilution is 500 yuan.

3. Cotton planting households with a guaranteed yield of 300 kg should ensure that the effective boll per mu is more than 60,000, and the density depends on the soil power and watering conditions of 3000000 plants / mu. The capital investment per mu can be controlled at 600 yuan, 100 yuan for land expansion and 100 yuan for auxiliary employees.

4. The capital investment of 400 yuan per mu includes 100 yuan for fertilizers, 100 yuan for pesticides (including herbicides, chemical regulators, ripening agents, etc.), and 200 yuan for soil preparation, sowing, smashing and returning cotton straw, machine inter-line operation, watering fee, plastic film, seed fee and so on. Fertilizers and pesticides are the biggest contributors to reducing investment.

Maintaining sustainable production

1. Cotton straw is returned to the field. The yield of cotton straw is generally 1.5 times that of seed cotton, which is the only source of organic fertilizer in cotton area. Returning cotton straw to the field can tap and improve soil production potential, which is not only an overall and long-term strategic measure related to cotton production, but also a fundamental measure to reduce investment and ensure per unit yield. and in line with the concept of green production of saving resources and protecting the environment. A large number of long-term practice results show that continuous cotton straw returning to the field can accumulate organic matter, available potassium and medium and trace elements needed by cotton, without additional supplement, and will not aggravate cotton Verticillium wilt year by year because of cotton straw returning to the field. On the contrary, due to the improvement of soil fertility, cotton disease resistance has been enhanced.