How to choose peanut seeds?

Seizing the favorable opportunity of peanut harvest and seizing the opportunity to do a good job in peanut seed selection and retention is the basis for ensuring high peanut yield in the coming year. Years of experience shows that the following key technologies are needed for peanut species selection and retention:

1. Select and keep good varieties suitable for local planting. According to the situation of flower production in recent years, the major peanut varieties suitable for spring sowing in Huang-Huai region are Luhua 9, Luhua 14, Huayu 33, Huayu 36, Huayu 912, Yuhua 15, Jihua 4, Shanhua 9, Shanhua 13, Qinghua 7, Weihua 16 and so on. The main varieties of small peanuts are Shanhua 10, Weihua 14 and so on. These varieties have moderate plant height, high population photosynthetic efficiency, concentrated results, not easy to drop fruit, high yield, good quality, meet the export standards, and can be selected according to local conditions.

two。 To achieve the "three selections" (block selection, plant selection, fruit selection) to keep the seed. Before harvest, plots with high variety purity, good growth and development and no diseases and insect pests should be selected to stay in the field. In the remaining field, the plants with normal maturity and many and neat fruits were selected as the remaining plants, and the remaining seed marks were made on the selected plants. If you leave the planting plant, you should harvest it and dry it separately. Combined with drying for fruit selection, to choose pods full of double-kernel fruit, or three-kernel fruit to stay seed. According to the experiment of the former Zhuhan Town Agricultural Technology Station in Changle County, Shandong Province, Huayu No. 16 with such pods was selected to increase the yield by 7.3%. According to the field yield measurement in Wulian and other counties and cities in Shandong Province, the peanut pods retained by "three selections" were 21.3% higher than those without "three selections".

3. Do a good job of drying pods. After the selected plants are harvested, they will first be dried in the field for 2 to 3 days, and when the pods are 80% dry, they will be transported back to the courtyard for selection, and the pods will be further dried so that the water content is reduced to less than 9%, and then stored in storage. The experiment showed that drying the plant first and then removing the fruit could further transport the nutrients from the stem to the fruit, which increased the yield of pods by 5.5% and the weight of kernels by 4.6% compared with the pods picked immediately after harvest. And the fruit is selected immediately after harvest, and the pod water content is as high as 45% to 50%. Even if the pod is dried in a thin layer, it is difficult to dry in a short period of time, and the pericarp is very easy to become moldy and black, which not only affects the appearance quality, but also has a low seedling emergence rate and is prone to Fusarium wilt and virus disease. resulting in reduced peanut production.

4. Safe storage. The storage and storage period of peanuts is long, in order to achieve safe storage, it is very important to choose suitable packaging and places. You can choose to be packed in gunny bags, or it is better to store in bulk. Must be stored in a dry, ventilated, rodent-free room. The experiment shows that the emergence rate of peanut seeds stored in this method is more than 98% after sowing, and there is no phenomenon of infected and dead seedlings. On the other hand, the emergence rate of peanut seeds stored in large piles of peanuts stored in the field is often reduced to 93.3% after sowing due to moisture absorption and moisture return, and the seedling death rate reached 3.9% at the end of June.

Jia Dengsan, Agricultural Bureau of Changle County, Shandong Province