White Dew manages the planting of vegetables in autumn and winter

White Dew's solar terms will be on September 7th. Dew is a drop of water condensed from water vapor on the ground or near-earth objects due to a drop in temperature, so White Dew means that the weather has turned cooler. As the saying goes, "one autumn rain and one cold, ten autumn rains wear cotton." White Dew solar terms with less rainfall, more sunny days, sufficient light, mild climate and large temperature difference between day and night are very suitable for the growth of all kinds of vegetable crops. It is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity to grow and manage vegetables in open fields and protected areas in autumn and winter, and to do a good job in raising seedlings of vegetables in protected areas for overwintering crops.

Pay attention to the prevention of diseases and pests in autumn sowing Chinese cabbage

Autumn sowing Chinese cabbage is in the rosette stage, and early sowing Chinese cabbage has reached the heart stage. Chinese cabbage should do a good job in the management of ploughing, loosening soil and weeding, and start watering and topdressing after squatting seedlings, and top dressing by opening holes or ditches can be adopted. 300 kg of bio-organic fertilizer or 20 kg of N, P and K ternary compound fertilizer per mu can also be applied by topdressing with water, applying 8-10 kg of N, P and K comprehensive liquid fertilizer per mu. Cabbage sellers mainly do a good job of watering and topdressing to promote heart wrapping and growth. The interval time of watering should be controlled according to the soil quality, weather conditions and plant growth, but the amount of water each time should not be too much, and it should be watered frequently with small water. The rosette stage is a period when diseases and insect pests occur more frequently, with emphasis on the control of virus diseases, downy mildew, black rot, aphids, green insects and other pests. Strengthen the field inspection of the disease, find the central diseased plant and control it in time. Green insects are mostly night moth pests, which hide during the day and come out at night to do harm. If spraying in the daytime often has no effect, it should be applied at night or early in the morning when the dew is not dry. In recent years, there are many dry heartburn diseases in some plots. It is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and water reasonably, especially from the rosette stage to the early heading stage.

Radish and carrot pay attention to water management

All kinds of radish changed from leaf growth period to belly breaking stage and fleshy root growth stage successively, and the water management of these two stages was different. During the leaf growth period, controlled watering should be given priority to. Early watering will promote the growth of leaves and affect the growth of rhizomes. To break the belly period means to turn to the rhizome growth period, timely watering, and often keep the soil moist, in order to make the rhizome grow well, if the basal fertilizer is sufficient, there is generally no need for topdressing; at the same time, we should do a good job of weeding and timely control of aphids, cabbage insects and other pests. Carrots are still in the leaf growth period, and watering should be controlled. If there is no rain for many days, a small amount of water can be irrigated when the soil is dry and the plant grows slowly, mainly to do a good job of weeding and controlling aphids.

Ensuring the planting quality of greenhouse crops in Autumn and Winter

Temperature-loving crops such as tomato, eggplant and sweet pepper can still be planted in solar greenhouse with good insulation. It is necessary to buckle the greenhouse film in advance, disinfect the greenhouse and soil, apply enough organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, apply more than 5000 kilograms of fully mature and finely crushed high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, and apply fertilizer and fine soil preparation 10-15 days in advance. to achieve thorough ploughing, leveling, no light and dark bumps To make a high border or tile ridge high border 15-20 cm above the ground, the tile ridge high border is suitable for the shed without drip irrigation facilities, and dig a V-shaped watering ditch in the middle of the border, so as to facilitate the watering method of hidden irrigation under plastic film in winter. To ensure the planting quality, the strong seedlings with neat growth and uniform size should be planted with suitable depth and reasonable density, with about 3000 common tomato varieties per mu and 2200 cherry tomato varieties per mu, with 2-4 more seedlings planted in each row. Due to the high temperature, it is better to plant in the afternoon of sunny days, and water enough water in time.

Slow seedling water was watered again 3-5 days after planting in sandy soil shed, and ploughing and loosening soil in time to promote slow seedling.

Do a good job in raising seedlings of temperature-loving crops in overwintering crops

Tomato, pepper, eggplant and other crops cultivated overwintering in solar greenhouse with good thermal insulation were raised in the first and middle of September. Greenhouse cucumbers and zucchini with moderate thermal insulation were raised in early September, while cucumbers and zucchini with good thermal insulation were raised in late September. The excellent varieties with good cold tolerance, low temperature and weak light tolerance and strong continuous fruit setting ability under the condition of low temperature and low light were selected. Cucumber can choose "Zhongnong 26"; eggplant can choose "precocious Jingga 6"; zucchini can choose "Jingyou 12" or "Jingghu 36". The seedlings are raised with 50 or 72 plastic holes, and the substrate is prepared with peat, vermiculite and perlite, or the special substrate can be purchased. Do a good job in seed treatment and prevention of tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease. When the cucumber is raised by grafting, it is best to choose the "Beinong bright rootstock" brown seed pumpkin with dewaxing powder and good flavor as the grafting rootstock.

Fast-growing leafy vegetables in open field are sown one after another

Rapeseed, spinach, chrysanthemum, coriander, rape, fennel, cherry radish, radish and other fast-growing vegetable crops can be sown one after another to be harvested and put on the market from late September to early October to meet the market demand before and after the National Day. To fine soil preparation, uniform sowing, covering soil depth is appropriate, to ensure the emergence of soil moisture.

Manage and harvest vegetables in autumn greenhouse

Cucumber has been harvested in autumn greenhouse, tomato is in the period of fruit setting and fruit expansion, eggplant and pepper cultivated in summer are also in the period of fruit harvest, field management should be strengthened to promote plants to bear more fruits with high commodity rate. Cao Hua Municipal Agricultural Technology extension Station

◆ adjusts suitable temperature, light and humidity the suitable temperature for thermophilic vegetables such as tomato is 23 ℃-28 ℃ during the day and 15 ℃-18 ℃ at night; the suitable temperature for cold-loving vegetables such as celery is 20 ℃-22 ℃ during the day and 10 ℃-12 ℃ at night; shading nets are no longer needed to increase the light of crops; indoor air humidity is adjusted according to different crops, sweet pepper, cucumber and leafy vegetables are 60% 85%. Tomato and eggplant are 45%, 55%.

◆ pruning and forking can remove old leaves, yellow leaves and lateral branches in time, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission and plant fruiting. When the tomato grows to the scheduled ear, pick the heart as early as possible, generally leaving 3-4 ears of fruit. Cucumbers and pumpkins should circle seedlings and fall vines to prolong plant growth in order to produce more melons.

◆ Fruit Management Tomato and eggplant can adopt bumblebee or shock pollinator to assist pollination to increase fruit setting rate; when using regulator spraying or dipping flowers, we should choose "high yield agent No. 2", "Guomening" and other products that are safe to crops and are not prone to abnormal fruits. It is also necessary to remove the excess fruit in time.

◆ scientific watering and topdressing according to weather conditions, soil conditions and plant growth to meet the needs of growth and development, we should vigorously promote the technology of integration of water and fertilizer, and it is appropriate to apply "Christmas tree" equal-speed soluble fertilizer with comprehensive nutrition and reasonable proportion along with drip irrigation. The fertilization ratio of different crops should be different, and the instant fertilizer with high potassium content of 16 ∶ 8 ∶ 34 should be applied at the fruit expansion stage of tomato.