Technical measures for promoting early ripening and preventing early Frost in Maize

First, drought prevention and drainage to promote growth. The period from 10 days before heading to 20 days after heading is the period in which corn needs the most water, consumes the most water and is most sensitive to water. According to soil moisture and seedling growth, timely and appropriate amount of male filling water should be poured to effectively prevent "autumn hanging". Promote big ears and full grains. September may be in a rainy period, and low-lying plots prone to waterlogging should timely drain waterlogging and dissipate soil moisture to avoid serious yield reduction caused by waterlogging lodging.

Second, rational fertilization to increase grain and weight. Topdressing in time according to soil fertility, seedling condition and early fertilization. For fields with sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing in ploughing and good growth, topdressing can no longer be done. In the fields with insufficient fertility, combined with irrigation or making use of effective rainfall at the big trumpet mouth period, deep fertilization was made in the row side by applying 25-30 kg urea per mu, or foliar fertilizer was sprayed with 150-200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 30 kg of water per mu, which could appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer used in high-yield fields, speed up the growth process, prevent leaf premature senescence, enhance root activity, and increase grain number and grain weight.

The third is to use medicine scientifically to prevent diseases and insects. In order to control corn borer, armyworm, aphid, leaf spot, leaf spot, brown spot and other diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning, select pesticides scientifically, and popularize green prevention and control techniques such as Trichogramma to control corn borer, black light or sex attractant. Comprehensive use of mechanical spraying and flight prevention and other measures to carry out emergency prevention and control in a timely manner. For the diseased plants, the diseased leaves at the bottom should be removed in time and taken out of the field to burn so as to reduce the source of pathogen infection.

The fourth is to promote early maturity and prevent frost. Measures such as releasing autumn ridges, taking big grass, cutting empty stalks and diseased plants, cutting bottom leaves, removing ineffective ears, peeling and drying stalks at stations, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other measures were taken to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, reduce nutrient consumption and accelerate grain filling. Prevent the premature removal of the upper and middle stems and leaves of corn and promote the transfer of nutrients to the ear. For late-maturing varieties and low-lying plots, grain husks, corn stalks and weeds can be ignited and fumigated in the upwind to improve the local environmental temperature. Conditional plots can be sprayed with plant growth regulators such as Shengjiaan and Daizhuangsu to enhance stress and cold resistance.

Fifth, timely and late collection, dehydration and quality improvement. Delay the corn harvest time as far as possible before the early frost, make full use of the post-ripening effect of corn, prolong the effective grain filling time, and carry out mechanical harvest when the bracts dry up, the black layer appears and the grain milk line disappears. Spraying corn dehydrating agent 10 days before harvest, using 60-100 ml per mu and 15-20 kg water to accelerate grain dehydration, reduce water content and improve yield and quality. For greedy green late-maturing plants, harvest silage in time as fodder. After harvest, corn was stacked with the methods of barn, upper warehouse, upper ear room, ear selection and classification, so as to accelerate dehydration and prevent grain mildew.