Technical specification for three stages, three resistance and three control of winter wheat

On July 28,2016, Hengshui City Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision issued Technical Regulations for Winter Wheat Three Sections, Three Resistance and Three Prevention as the local standard of Hengshui City. Specific technologies are as follows:

I. Scope

This standard specifies the terms and definitions, basic conditions, main production indicators and production objectives, sowing, fertilization, irrigation, pest control and other cultivation techniques of winter wheat.

This standard is applicable to winter wheat area of Hengshui City.

II. Terminology and definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

Three sections: water saving, fertilizer saving and seed saving.

Three resistance: refers to drought resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance.

Three-prevention: refers to disease prevention, pest control, anti-dry hot wind.

III. Basic conditions

1. Soil conditions: soil requirements flat terrain, a good farming foundation, soil for loam. Organic matter ≥15 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen ≥70 mg/kg, available phosphorus ≥18 mg/kg, available potassium ≥100 mg/kg in cultivated layer.

2. Irrigation conditions: irrigation water quality should comply with the provisions of GB5084, irrigation and drainage convenience.

IV. Main fertility indicators and production targets

1. The index of strong seedling before winter: 5~6 main stem leaves, 2~3 tillers per plant and 4~6 secondary roots before winter. It grows strong before winter.

2. Population dynamic index: basic seedlings reached 260 ~ 280 thousand/mu, stem number per mu before winter reached 600 ~ 800 thousand/mu, green stage reached 800 ~ 900 thousand/mu, rising stage reached 900 ~110 thousand/mu, mature stage reached 420 ~ 460 thousand/mu.

3. Yield structure index: the number of ears per mu is 420 - 460 thousand/mu, the number of grains per ear reaches 31 - 33, the 1000-grain weight reaches more than 40 grams, and the yield per mu is more than 500 kilograms.

V. Sowing techniques

1. Pre-sowing preparation: (1) Variety selection. Select varieties suitable for planting in this area and approved by the national or provincial crop variety approval committee, and require varieties with high yield, many seed roots and strong drought resistance. (2)Seed treatment. Fine seed selection, seed quality in line with GB4404.1 provisions, with sterilization, pesticide seed dressing or seed coating before sowing, control underground pests and soil-borne diseases, strictly implement GB/T8321, GB/T15671 provisions. (3)Ground conditions. When the relative water holding capacity of the soil is above 70%, sowing can be carried out according to the moisture content, and frozen water can be poured before winter. When the relative water holding capacity of the soil is below 70%, the soil moisture can be poured, and no frozen water can be poured before winter. (4)Base fertilizer. Fertilizer application should comply with NY/T496 regulations, pure nitrogen 7~8 kg/mu, phosphorus pentoxide 6~8 kg/mu, potassium oxide 4~6 kg/mu. (5)Drought-resistant microecological agents were applied at the bottom. 2.5~ 5kg microecological inoculant was sown per mu when wheat base fertilizer was applied to improve drought resistance and disease resistance of wheat. (6)Soil preparation. After harvesting, the straw of the previous crop corn is returned to the field, and the straw is crushed twice, and the straw is broken, smashed and scattered evenly; and rotary tillage is performed twice, and the depth should reach more than 15 cm.

2. Sowing stage: (1) Sowing date. The sowing time is 480℃~650℃ accumulated temperature before winter, and the suitable sowing time is October 8 ~18. (2)Sowing quantity. The sowing amount of wheat per mu in suitable sowing period was reduced from 17.5 kg to 14 kg, which was 3.5 kg less than that in local conventional production fields. (3)Form of sowing. Equal spacing sowing, average spacing 15 cm. (4)Quality of sowing. Sowing depth 4~5 cm, sowing spacing, depth should be uniform, accurate sowing, suppression after sowing. (5)Pesticide slow release agent and seeds are sown at the same time to prevent insects, and 70% imidacloprid granular slow release agent is mixed with seeds and sown at the same time to prevent underground pests and aphids of wheat in spring.

VI. Cultivation techniques

1. Pre-winter management: (1) Pre-winter grass pest control. At the 3~5 leaf stage of wheat, herbicides were selected according to weed species. Dicotyledonous weeds were controlled by tribenuron-methyl herbicide spray, monocotyledonous weeds were controlled by 70% fluazuron herbicide. (2)Water before winter. The wheat sown according to the soil moisture should be irrigated with frozen water in case of no large rainfall after sowing to ensure the safe winter of wheat. The irrigation amount per mu is 50~60 cubic meters. (3)Spraying wheat stress resistance regulator before winter. Spraying 30ml of special cold resistance regulator before winter in each mu at 3 - 5 leaf stage of wheat before winter to improve drought resistance and cold resistance of wheat and make wheat safely overwinter.

2. Spring management: (1) hoeing. Hoe wheat in time before and after turning green. (2)Spring spraying wheat stress regulator lodging resistance. Spraying 30ml of special lodging resistance regulator per mu at the jointing stage of wheat. (3)Water and fertilize. In spring, the first water is from the end of spring to the early stage of jointing, and the second water is at the flowering and filling stage of wheat. The irrigation amount is 50~60 cubic meters per mu each time, which saves 50~60 cubic meters of irrigation water compared with the local conventional production field. In spring, urea topdressing per mu was reduced from 30 kg to 20 kg. (4)Disease prevention. Spraying diniconazole or triazolone to control wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew, etc., pesticide selection should comply with GB/T8321. The provisions of (1 - 9). (5)insect control. When wheat is heading and flowering, spray with systemic insecticide to control wheat midge. The pesticide selection should comply with GB/T8321. The provisions of (1 - 9). (6)Dry hot air. During the heading to filling stage of wheat, 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 kg of water were sprayed on the leaves of wheat per mu.