Outstanding problems and Countermeasures in Goat breeding

? Highlight the problem

The selection of goat breeds is blind. When many goat farming investors first entered the goat farming industry, they did not know what kind of breed to choose. When buying breeder sheep for the first time, it is generally in the state of blind selection and purchase. After two or three years of detours, we can basically figure out what kind of variety to choose and establish a suitable variety structure.

There is a lack of planning for forage reserves. Due to the lack of breeding experience and technology, there is no experience in what kind of forage grass goats need and how much they need. Every winter, there is no preparation for forage supply, so there is no reserve, resulting in fat loss of winter goats and malnutrition of lambs.

Nutritional or anti-nutritional diseases are multiple. Using farmers' products and food processing by-products (such as bean dregs, distiller's grains, red vetch dregs, seven bean dregs, etc.) as goat feed is an important way to reduce feeding costs. However, the nutritional composition of these by-products is not comprehensive and unbalanced, as well as the anti-nutritional factors in the by-products, which also bring great economic losses to the healthy growth and reproduction of goats. According to breeders: after raising ewes mainly with bean dregs or distiller's grains, the death rate of lambs due to fatigue, emaciation, inability to stand and other clinical symptoms reached 50%. The main reasons are the deficiency or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus and the anti-nutritional factors in soybean dregs.

The method of artificial supplementary feeding is unreasonable. Most of the goat breeders lack the basic knowledge of scientific supplementary feeding, so they usually give surprise artificial supplementary feeding to the sheep that are ready to be fenced three months before going out of the fence. There is generally no supplementary feeding for those who do not come out of the column. At the same time, even if supplementary feeding, generally only supply corn, wheat bran and other energy substances, but despise the appropriate supply of protein, minerals and other raw materials, which not only leads to material waste, but also makes nutrition imbalance.

? Cause

The content of the training lacks pertinence. Animal husbandry technical trainers often gather all breeders together to talk about livestock and poultry breeds, feed preparation, epidemic prevention and control, feeding management and other aspects, but there is less training on outstanding problems in production practice. failed to really improve the breeding technology and the actual operation level of epidemic prevention and control.

Employees lack basic knowledge of nutrition. Many goat breeders have no knowledge of feed nutrients and nutritional needs of livestock and poultry, so they often pay attention to one or the other when using certain raw materials, resulting in nutritional deficiency diseases of goats.

? Solving countermeasure

To solve these problems, breeders or investors can not wait to rely on others, should proceed from the actual situation of their own farms, in view of the problems, classification differences, solve one by one.

According to the needs of the market and their own reality, different types of goat breeds are selected: roast goat breeds, mainly local small breeds such as white goat and black goat, because the multiple birth rate (3 / fetus) and small body size are suitable for roast sheep consumption needs; meat consumption breeds are mainly selected to choose Boer goat, Jianyang big-ear sheep and other larger body size, in order to meet the consumption needs after group slaughter.

Plan the forage plan ahead of time. Plan forage according to the annual consumption of about 1500 kg per sheep, and use methods such as dry silage or silage to store forage for winter according to the number of goats.

The toxic and harmful substances in agricultural by-products were removed by biological fermentation and heat treatment. For example, before using agricultural by-products such as bean dregs, sweet potato dregs and potato dregs, they should be cooked or fermented to remove anti-nutritional factors, which can greatly reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in goats.

According to the difference and deficiency of nutrients in different feed materials, the missing ingredients should be added reasonably. When using bean dregs and distiller's grains, due to the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus, mineral raw materials such as stone powder and calcium hydrogen phosphate should be added appropriately. The specific quantity is determined according to the number of bean dregs and distiller's grains used.

Get the relevant vaccine in advance. In addition to the triple and four prevention vaccines, oral sores and other vaccines should be vaccinated to control the occurrence of sheep epidemic disease.

Strictly check the physical condition of the breeder sheep. The breeding sheep with pustules growing under the skin should be eliminated, or mating should be carried out after thorough treatment, so as to control the occurrence of pustules as much as possible. For the treatment of non-breed sheep with pustules, the wound can be disinfected with iodine and other disinfectants after "removing pus first".