High efficiency of "Catheter grafting" in vegetables

Vegetable grafting cultivation has the advantages of improving the resistance of vegetable plants to soil-borne diseases, overcoming the obstacles of vegetable continuous cropping, enhancing the stress resistance of vegetable plants (cold, drought and high temperature), prolonging harvest time, increasing yield and reducing the amount of pesticides. Therefore, vegetable grafting cultivation has been popularized and applied everywhere, and the economic benefit is remarkable. However, the grafting efficiency of vegetables has been low, such as eggplant grafting clip split grafting technology, each person can be grafted about 500 plants per day, the grafting efficiency is low, and the labor cost of grafting is high. The efficiency can be greatly improved by using special conduit for grafting.

The special catheter for grafting is colorless, transparent, non-toxic and tasteless, and has a certain degree of elasticity. The inner diameter of the vessel has 4 specifications, which are 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm and 3.5 mm respectively, which are suitable for the grafting of seedlings of different sizes. When grafting, cut the catheter into small segments 0.8 to 1.2 centimeters long.

The advantage of conduit grafting technology is to significantly improve the grafting efficiency, with more than 1000 plants per person per day, and the grafting efficiency is doubled; at the same time, there is no need to remove the catheter after grafting, and it breaks with the plant growth, thus simplifying the grafting operation procedure. The survival rate of grafting is more than 95%, and the production cost of grafted seedlings per plant is reduced by 50%.

Taking eggplant and tomato as examples, this paper introduces the main technical points: due to the difference of climate in different regions, it is necessary to carry out sowing experiment and determine the suitable sowing date. Generally, eggplant rootstocks sow 5-6 days earlier than scions, and tomato rootstocks sow 2-3 days earlier than scions. Eggplant rootstock and scion began to be grafted with 5 true leaves, and tomato began to be grafted with 2 or 4 true leaves.

During grafting, the stem tip of the rootstock was cut off with a blade at an angle of 30 °~ 45 °, a true leaf was retained, and a tube with appropriate inner diameter was selected to cover the rootstock. Cut off the stem tip of the scion with a blade at an angle of 20 °~ 45 °, leaving 2 leaves and 1 heart. Insert the stem tip of the cut scion into the vessel of the rootstock to ensure that the section of the rootstock and the scion closely match.

After grafting, the grafted seedlings were shaded and moisturized, and the temperature was controlled at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. The temperature and humidity in the grafted seedling shed were checked every day, and the light was opened one after another after 5-7 days. After the grafting survived, the daily management of the grafted seedlings was carried out according to the routine grafting.

Note: pay attention to adjust the sowing date and growth status of rootstock and scion varieties, so that the stem size of rootstock and scion seedlings are the same, so as to facilitate vessel grafting. This technology is suitable for eggplant and tomato production areas in China.

Zhao Yayun, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Guangping County