Matching planting techniques of pollution-free vegetables

In recent years, the promotion of new varieties and the application of new technologies have greatly increased the output of vegetables, but in the process of planting, there are more and more diseases and insect pests, and many vegetable farmers compete with diseases and insect pests, using pesticides immediately when there are no diseases and insect pests, and preventive medicine when there are no diseases and insect pests. preventive medicine, repeated use of drugs so that farmers have a large amount of expenditure on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, which is not conducive to the production of pollution-free vegetables. Vegetable farmers can apply the following six pollution-free planting techniques to reduce the incidence of disease and reduce drug use.

I. isolation technology of anti-insect net

Anti-insect net isolation means that the insect-proof net is fully covered around and at the top of the greenhouse, or the film and sunshade net are covered on the top of the greenhouse, or the flat scaffolding covering an area of thousands of square meters is fully covered with the anti-insect net, which is also called the anti-insect net room, so that the larger pests (Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, etc.) can not enter the net to harm vegetable crops. Through the cultivation covered with anti-insect net, the amount of pesticide in vegetables can be greatly reduced, the problem of safe interval of continuous picking vegetables can be solved, and the edible safety of vegetables can be greatly improved.

Leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, melons and legumes can be cultivated with anti-insect net in summer and autumn. Cabbage and eggplant fruit vegetables are in high temperature and rainy season in autumn. Insect-proof net covering can reduce the harm of diseases and insect pests, protect seedlings from rainstorm, reduce soil consolidation and fertilizer loss in seedling bed, and improve seedling rate.

Second, the trapping and killing technology of color plate

The trapping and killing technology of color plate (yellow and blue plate) is a technique to physically trap and kill pests by making use of the strong taxis of adults of some insect pests to yellow and blue. The main control targets are aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers of Homoptera, Liriomyza huidobrensis, seed flies, Thysanoptera thrips, etc. The yellow board is often used to trap whiteflies, Liriomyza huidobrensis and aphids in protected and open fields, while the blue board is used to trap thrips and so on.

This technique is simple and can be used in both open field and protected cultivation, and the effect is better in protected cultivation. Generally, 30 trapping boards of 25 cm × 30 cm or 40 traps of 25 cm × 20 cm can be hung evenly per mu. According to the experiment, the yellow board can reduce the population density of aphids by 20% to 40%. The trapping color plate can not only kill a large number of adults and directly reduce the harm of pests, but also predict and early warning pests and determine the accurate control time.

III. Insect sex attractant technology

Insect sex attractants kill pests through the slow release of artificial synthetic sex pheromone compounds in the trap core to the field to lure male moths into the trap, or by using the method of confusion, so that male moths can not find females, thus destroying their mating, and finally achieve the purpose of control.

The application of insect sex attractants to trap and kill pests can not only reduce the number of eggs in the field, effectively control the occurrence of the next generation, reduce the times of chemical control in the field, and reduce the use of pesticides, but also has strong specificity and has no effect on insects other than the target pests. It can better protect the population of natural enemies, give full play to its potential to control pests, and improve the agricultural ecological environment. This technique can also be used for monitoring and early warning of target pests.

IV. Trapping and killing technology with insecticidal lamp

Making use of the characteristics of phototaxis, wave tendency, color tendency and chemotaxis of pests, the insecticidal light wave is set in a specific range, light is used at short distance, wave is used at a long distance, and the sexual information produced by the pest itself is used to induce adults to hit the lamp. coupled with a special high-voltage power grid to kill the pest, make the pest fall into a special pest bag to achieve the purpose of killing the pest. At present, the insecticidal lamp widely used in agricultural production is the frequency vibrating insecticidal lamp.

In vegetable production, lights are usually installed in mid-April and removed in early November. The time to turn on the lights every day is generally from 9 pm to 4 am the next day. The lights with light control system can be switched automatically according to the brightness of natural light. Generally, each insecticidal lamp uses an area of 30 to 50 mu.

The popularization and application of insecticidal lamp can greatly reduce the number of insect population in the field, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and improve the safety of vegetable products.

5. Micro-irrigation technology

The micro-irrigation system is assembled by micro-irrigation equipment, which distributes the pressurized water to the field and wets the soil near the vegetable root with a small flow rate through the irrigator. In practical application, there are mainly drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation. The water supply in the form of intermittent dripping is called drip irrigation, and the effluent in the form of spraying is called micro-sprinkler irrigation. Drip irrigation can be used to plant vegetables according to row spacing, such as tomato, eggplant, pepper, long melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc. Micro-sprinkler irrigation is suitable for cultivating vegetables with high density and soft and delicate plants, such as pakchoi, celery, agaric and other vegetables, and can also be used for vegetable seedling cultivation.

Micro-irrigation technology has the advantages of saving labor and water, reducing energy consumption, improving fertilizer use efficiency, reducing field humidity, reducing diseases and field weeds, and promoting high quality and high yield of vegetables.

VI. "Micro-storage and Micro-Irrigation" Technology

An efficient water-saving irrigation technology formed by the combination of "micro-storage" and "micro-drip irrigation" is adopted, that is, the small water sources in the mountain area are accumulated by the reservoir, the water pressure is generated by the natural drop of the hillside, and the water is transported to the field through plastic water pipes. Drip irrigation pipes are used to evenly and accurately transport water to the roots of plants to form self-flow irrigation. The system effectively solves the problem of inconvenient use of electricity in mountain areas, so that the drip irrigation system can be used without electricity and pump, and is suitable for vegetable irrigation on non-flat terrain such as mountain, semi-mountainous and hilly areas.