The meat donkey has high scientific feeding value.

Donkey is a herbivore. China has the largest number of donkeys in the world. Donkey meat has the functions of tonifying blood, tonifying qi and tonifying deficiency, its bone is used to make bone powder, and its skin is used to extract donkey gelatin, which has high edible and medicinal value. This issue introduces a group of techniques for raising donkeys, hoping to help farmers get rich.

Breeding

The genes of the second generation of the optimal group are good.

When farmers choose to breed donkeys, it is easy to walk into the misunderstanding that the higher the better. Take the Shandong Dezhou donkey breed male donkey as an example, the donkeys with a height of 141 cm (2 cm above and below), symmetrical, plump, round chest circumference, wide shoulders, straight waist, wide grooves, and neat teeth (or no more than 1 inch 3) are good meat donkeys. Some kinds of donkeys are as high as 150 centimeters or even higher, but their backs are uneven and in the shape of a "ridge", so their meat production performance is relatively poor. this kind of donkey is often the hybrid offspring of the Texas donkey, although it gives full play to its heterosis. However, the excellent meat production performance of the Dezhou donkey can not be passed on, in folklore, that is, "the light grows but not the meat". When selecting a female donkey, you should also pay attention to the height of about 130 centimeters, not too high, too high is also easy to cause dystocia, the age of more than 1-year-old female donkey can be as low as 120 centimeters or so.

In addition to the above breeding considerations, special attention should also be paid to the age when grouping. Female donkeys are recommended to choose young female donkeys at the age of 2 to 3 years old. Generally, they have not been bred and have fewer reproductive system diseases. Male donkeys are recommended to be 3-6 years old. The age at which you buy donkeys must be confirmed by people who are knowledgeable, and you must not listen to the donkey dealers. In addition, it is recommended to choose large-scale farms, reputable companies and donkey origin to buy. Generally speaking, a male donkey can naturally hand in 50 female donkeys, and if there are artificial insemination technicians, a breeder donkey can breed 200 donkeys. The suggestion of breeding scale at the beginning should not be too large, it should be considered comprehensively with capital, forage, technical personnel and other factors, and it is more safe to gradually expand the breeding scale after having some culture experience.

Grasp the breeding young donkey and be strong.

Due to the special physiological structure of the donkey, such as the semen of the reproductive tract of the female donkey is easy to flow back, the development of follicles is greatly affected by the weather, which leads to uncertain ovulation time, easy abortion and so on, which leads to the donkey's breeding and conception is relatively unsuitable, so it is generally a "second child in three years" in the folk. Large-scale farms generally do not exceed the breeding level of farmers due to single nutrition, lack of exercise, improper management and other factors.

Mating methods are generally artificial insemination and natural intercourse, no matter which method should do a good job of disinfection and hygiene to prevent the spread of diseases caused by improper breeding. During natural intercourse, the breeding male donkey's penis should also be cleaned with warm water; disposable plastic long-arm gloves should be worn during artificial insemination to prevent uterine inflammation caused by bacterial infection through the female donkey's vagina, and the male donkey's penis should also be cleaned during artificial semen collection.

It is suggested that the breeding should be carried out in accordance with the principle of homogeneous selection, such as breeding between male donkeys with good meat production performance and female donkeys with good meat production performance, breeding between male donkeys with good milk production performance and female donkeys with good milk production performance, and breeding between male donkeys of the same color and female donkeys.

At present, Shandong Dong'e Ejiao Company has established a breeding base for "Dong'e Black Donkey", has carried out breeding work with Dezhou Donkey as its male parent and female parent system, and has cooperated with Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences to research and develop "frozen semen", filling in the market and technical gaps.

In addition, after giving birth, the female donkey should pay attention to observe whether lochia is drained, and whether the little donkey eats colostrum and keeps warm in time.

Beware of early prevention and treatment of illness

Donkey's epidemic disease is relatively few, and it is the simplest animal to raise and manage, but the epidemic disease of raising donkey on a large scale will increase. When the donkey gets sick, the daily gain decreases or even negatively increases, and the breeding benefit drops sharply, so the disease should be detected and treated as early as possible. A healthy donkey always has two ears erect, moves freely, has a high neck and is in high spirits. Stand still when eating fodder, chewing forcefully and rattling. The mouth color of the healthy donkey is reddish, smooth, the nose and ears are warm, neither hot nor cold, and the dung ball hardness is moderate. The appearance is moist and bright, the color is grass yellow at the beginning, and it turns brown for a long time. As the saying goes, "donkeys spit and grind cattle, but there are not many diseases." How much water to drink is of great significance to judge whether the donkey is sick or not. If the donkey eats little grass and drinks a lot of water, the donkey is free from disease. If the amount of grass intake does not decrease and drinking water decreases or does not drink water several times in a row, it can be known that the donkey will soon become ill. Although donkeys do not eat overnight, but as long as the nose and ears are mild and the body temperature is normal, it can be regarded as disease-free and can be eaten the next day, which is commonly known as "gazing trough". Find abnormal situation and seek veterinarian treatment in time.

? Feed

Forage should be localized and diversified.

Donkeys are herbivorous livestock, it is not suitable to feed a large amount of concentrate, if a large amount of concentrate is fed, it can be fattened for no more than 2 months in a short period of time, it will cause intestinal dysfunction and immunity decline of donkeys, especially breeding female donkeys should not be fed a large amount of concentrate, it is easy to be difficult to give birth, less estrus, and lead to higher breeding costs.

The storage of forage must be based on the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, and the more miscellaneous the better. The more complex the forage reserve, the easier it is to collect and store, and because of the variety, it can increase the donkey's appetite and prevent the lack of nutrients caused by feeding a single forage. In Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and other northern regions, corn straw, grain straw, bean straw, peanut seedlings, sweet potato seedlings and wheat bran are all very good forage. It is generally recommended to feed three or more kinds of mixed forage, which is cheaper.

? Feeding method should be scientific

Some farmers copy the experience of raising cattle and feed donkeys only green stored corn stalks. Because donkeys are monogastric animals, unlike cattle that can regurgitate and resist acid, feeding large amounts of green stored corn stalks can easily cause gastrointestinal and physical dysfunction, hair loss and other phenomena. It is generally recommended that the feeding amount of green stored corn should not exceed 30% of the total amount of forage (according to dry matter, generally 3 kg 4 jin of stored corn and 1 jin of hay), that is, 10 jin of forage can be fed with 7 jin of hay, and another 3 jin of hay is fed with green stored corn (about 9 jin of wet grass).

Administration and Management

Pay attention to rehydration and deworming when entering the field

The feeding and management of donkeys depends on the careful care of the breeders, and the breeding effect can vary greatly if the same concentrate and forage are fed, so how to mobilize the enthusiasm of the breeders is a key issue for farmers to consider. The author suggests that the salary of breeders should be closely linked to daily weight gain (fattening) and reproduction rate (reproduction), so that those who can work more can get more pay. The following points should be paid attention to when entering donkeys in bulk.