How to deal with the bacterial diseases of cyclamen?

Cyclamen belongs to semi-cold-tolerant bulb flowers, its growth cycle is longer, generally more than 10-12 months, therefore, even if the use of thoroughly sterilized soilless culture (medium cultivation), there are inevitably a lot of soil-borne diseases. Cyclamen disease has become one of the main obstacles to its large-scale planting. The following is an introduction to the two most frequent bacterial diseases of cyclamen.

I. bacterial soft rot

1. Pathogen

Erwininacorotovora, Erwinia, carrot soft rot Erwinia, Gram-negative bacteria, the optimum temperature for growth and development was 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, the highest was 40 ℃, the lowest was 2 ℃, and 50 ℃ died in 10 minutes.

2. The route of transmission

The pathogen overwintered in the soil with the disease remains, and the following year, it was spread by Rain Water, irrigation water and insects, and invaded by the wound. After the invasion, the bacteria secrete Pectinase to dissolve the glue layer, resulting in cell disintegration, water overflow and decay. The disease is serious when the leaves are arranged on cloudy and rainy days or when the watering is not dry or when insect pests occur frequently.

3. Symptom manifestation

It can generally be observed on the leaves that the symptoms are that the leaves are uneven yellowing, then the whole plant collapses, most of the petioles are edema, some of the edema petioles turn black, and the oily spots on the reverse base of the leaves occur along the veins of the leaves; lift the plant, it is easy to separate the stem and leaf, the corm shows soft rot, the color is milky white, and there is a stench. After the beginning of winter, some bulbs have cracks, and milky pus can be observed on the cracks.

2. Bacterial leaf rot

1. Pathogen

Erwiniaherbicola belongs to Erwinia. The suitable temperature for the disease is 25 ℃, the lowest is 10 ℃ and the highest is 33 ℃.

2. The route of transmission

Mainly for soil infection, from the management operation of the wound invasion, high temperature and humidity easy to occur.

3. Symptom manifestation

The disease occurs mainly on leaves, petioles, buds and corms. At first, water-immersed spots occur at the base of the petiole, then expand into black-brown rot, and spread to the corm, resulting in brown rot at the growing point of the corm. At this growing point, the leaf margin wilted, the new leaves showed mottled yellowing, the petiole local water rot, and the young buds blackened and withered. Oily plaques will appear at the base of the back of some leaves, and the corms will be sunken and odorless if they rot further.

III. Prevention and treatment

Less potassium and more nitrogen is easy to cause bacterial diseases; poor root growth, excessive leaf growth, excessive shading, excessive fluctuation of fertilization level and excessive temperature change are easy to weaken plant resistance, cause stomata too large or cause wounds, resulting in bacterial invasion.

First of all, in the vegetative growth stage, the ratio of nitrogen to potassium should be kept at about 1 ∶ 2 to control moisture, strengthen light, promote plant health and improve resistance; secondly, it is also very important for the control of the environment, such as frequent disinfection in the greenhouse, such as sulfur fumigation, reducing the density of bacteria, etc. In addition, the operation should be standardized as much as possible, reduce mechanical damage, clean up the fallen leaves should be concentrated in sunny days, and then the corms should be protected by drugs. Moth fly larvae often harm the leaf buds and flower buds of cyclamen plants, causing many wounds near the bulbs, which can easily lead to bacterial invasion. Therefore, insect control is also one of the key points in the prevention of bacterial diseases.

For susceptible plants, it is necessary to clean up the greenhouse as soon as possible, and strengthen manual and appliance disinfection to avoid cross-infection. In drug prevention and treatment, copper preparation can be used as a protective agent for routine prevention, for the relatively serious areas, we can only choose antibiotics-streptomycin.

END

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