Cultivation techniques of balsam pear

First, sow seeds at the right time

The autumn planting period of balsam pear is generally from July to August, with suitable climate, easy management, long harvest time and high yield. The winter planting period of balsam pear is from November to December. Due to the low temperature in winter, plastic film mulching should be adopted when planting, and the integrated irrigation technology of water and fertilizer under plastic film should be implemented. It can not only preserve fertilizer and water, increase soil temperature, promote normal growth and development of seedlings, increase yield, but also save labor and cost.

II. Land selection and preparation

Balsam pear is not strict on land, and all kinds of soil can be planted. But its root system is more developed, there are many lateral roots, and the root group is wide, fertilizer-tolerant and barren-tolerant, like wet and avoid waterlogging. Therefore, it is better to choose land close to water source, deep soil layer, loose and good drainage. Before planting, the land should be ploughed, retted and raked to make it deep, loose, fertilizer, broken and flat, so as to lay the foundation for high yield.

Third, build a shed and draw a vine

When the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, bamboo should be planted in time to build a shed. Scaffolding is generally built with "∏" scaffolding, so that branches are evenly distributed on the scaffolding. When the melon seedlings grow to 50-60 cm, they can lead the vines to the shed. Generally lead the main vine straight up along the support (rope), lateral vines to the left and right direction of the support, the time to draw the vine in a sunny afternoon. Balsam pear has strong branching and many lateral vines, and some lateral vines do not bear melon. After introducing the vine to the shed, the lateral vine whose base of the main vine is less than 50 cm from the ground and the short, weak, over-dense, senile and diseased branches and leaves that do not bear female flowers should be removed in time, so that the population can be ventilated and transparent, improve photosynthesis and light energy utilization, and reduce nutrient consumption, which is beneficial to flowering and fruiting.

IV. Fertilizer and water management

The integrated management of water and fertilizer should be carried out in the fertilization of balsam pear, and the principle of "light application at seedling stage and repeated application at flowering and fruit stage" should be grasped, which can not only ensure the normal growth and development of vine leaves, but also meet the nutrient needs of continuous flowering and fruiting. In the integrated management of water and fertilizer, it should be applied flexibly according to seedling conditions and weather changes. Application of topdressing fertilizer per mu: dilute manure water or high concentration melon formula fertilizer water 1-2 times before 5 leaves; before flowering and fruiting: 15-20 kg calcium superphosphate, 12-18 kg urea and 8-10 kg potassium chloride, once every 7-10 days, divided into 2-3 times. After flowering and fruiting: urea 20-35 kg, potassium chloride 15-20 kg, once every 7-10 days, divided into 4-6 times, spraying trace element foliar fertilizer 3-4 times.

Balsam pear likes wetting, avoid stagnant water, in the use of water can be carried out according to the dry and wet soil. In general, the sun evaporates violently in sunny days, and the water disappears quickly, so it is necessary to irrigate in time to ensure its physiological water requirements, avoid drought and wilt, and affect plant growth and development, flowering and fruiting. In case of heavy rain, drainage should be done in time, so as not to cause root rot caused by stagnant water in the field. Li Wei, Feng Zhaojing