Matters needing attention in calf feeding and management

1. Feed colostrum early. Colostrum contains higher protein, fat, vitamins and other nutrients than normal milk, but also contains a large number of immunoglobulins and lysozyme, which can kill and inhibit bacteria. Therefore, calves should be fed into colostrum as early as possible. Because the calves had the strongest absorption of immunoglobulins in colostrum at 6 hours after birth, the calves were fed colostrum about 1 hour after birth and fed for the second time at 6 hours after birth with a feeding amount of 2 kg. After that, it increased gradually and lasted for 7 days, and the feeding amount did not exceed 5% of the body weight.

2. Breast-feeding. Calves should be transferred to the calf house to feed normal milk 3 times a day after 5 ℃, and the temperature should be maintained at 35 Mel and 38 Mel.

3. Replenish the fine feed in time. Calves were trained to feed on concentrate feed one week after birth to supplement nutrition and promote gastrointestinal development. For the first few days, the concentrate was fed with 10ml 20g / day, and then gradually increased to 80ml / 100g. The daily feeding amount increased from 200g to 300g at 30 days old and to 600g to 1000 grams at 60 days old.

4. Feed high quality roughage. In order to promote the development of intestines and stomach as soon as possible, roughage was fed before the function of digestive tract was improved. One week after birth, calves can be fed freely with a little high-quality green hay in the trough. After 2 weeks, put a small amount of chopped carrots, pumpkins and other green succulent feed in the trough for feeding, which can be increased to more than 2 kg after 60 days. Calves can sprinkle a small amount of silage in the trough 30 days after birth. After that, it can be fed to 100ml 150g per day after 2 months, 1.5ml 2kg in 3 months, and 5kg in 4-6 months old.

5. Drink good water to the calf. The drinking water of calves should be sterilized 15 days ago, and the water temperature should be the same as that of milk. After 15 days, switch to clean warm water and tap water after 30 days, but be careful not to feed ice water and unsanitary water.

6. Early weaning. Healthy calves can be weaned early at the age of 60 days. The specific method is to increase concentrate and coarse feed and reduce milk feeding about half a month before weaning. The times of feeding were changed from 3 times to 2 times per day, and from 2 times to 1 time before weaning, and then stopped feeding milk. You can also use the method of mixing milk with water, gradually reduce the amount of milk, and finally change to full water supply. It is generally believed that the amount of concentrate feed used during weaning is about 1 kg per day. At the age of 3 months, the concentrate was increased to 1.5ml 2kg, during which a large amount of roughage could be supplied. Let them freely eat high-quality roughage 2 months before birth, roughage should be about 1.7 kg per day; after 2 months, they can be fed with general roughage, controlled at 2 kg per day.