What kind of edible fungi is the selection of high benefits?

This year's edible mushroom market has been weak, except for some areas, the production efficiency of most mushroom farmers is not high. However, most mushroom farmers still choose to continue the production of edible fungi, so which varieties can be chosen this year to ensure their own production efficiency? The author now collates his own views as follows to communicate and discuss with the majority of mushroom farmers and edible mushroom enterprises.

I. the market basis for selecting varieties

The selection of cultivated varieties should be based on the following basis, rather than blindly following others.

Through the investigation of the market to obtain the corresponding first-hand information, can also be obtained through visits and consultation, and then analysis, can finally get their own information, which is a theoretical summary. In reality, for example, we find that there are Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Zhenji Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus eryngii in the local market, and the latter two varieties are produced by facilities. Through analysis, we can draw such a conclusion: if no one does fresh mushrooms and fungus, we can make a production decision on this basis.

Take Shandong as an example, retail production is mostly doing Pleurotus ostreatus, and facility production is mostly doing Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus eryngii. If it is a small investment, you might as well do long-term products such as Ganoderma lucidum and Auricularia auricula, "do what others don't do," and sell it slowly. Strong producers can make flower mushrooms and thick mushrooms, "do what others do not have", and win by quality. Large companies or cooperatives should take brand building as the first element, take into account the above-mentioned basis for comprehensive consideration, and then select varieties, cooperate with the corresponding new technology, to build their own brands, as long as the brand of the enterprise is remembered by consumers, the sales of the products will not be a problem.

Second, the technical basis for selecting varieties

Technology is a very important basic condition, especially high-grade rare edible fungus varieties, the cultivation technology is difficult, the stability is poor, the repeatability is poor, the yield is low and unstable. There are more people consulting Morchella this year, and most of them take a fancy to the high market price of Morchella. However, there are two major problems perplexing the production of this variety: first, the repeatability is poor, and the yield is low and unstable, for example, when the last cultivation yield reached 200 kg / mu, there may not be a single mushroom next time; and then there is the problem of variety (or strain). The black strain that can produce mushrooms artificially, but without the almost translucent milky white strain, the market value of the two is very different.

Third, the hardware basis for selecting varieties

This problem is also a question of investment quota. For example, with an investment of only tens of thousands of yuan, it is suggested that a greenhouse should be built for seasonal production. If there is any surplus, corresponding temperature control equipment can be installed to achieve a better production effect. Hundreds of thousands of investment levels can be used to build higher quality mushroom shed facilities and install temperature control and humidity control ventilation equipment. If there is an investment of several million yuan, it is suggested to carry out district-style production, or to invest on one's own, or to make use of the appeal of the cooperative, etc., dozens of buildings and hundreds of mushroom sheds in a district will have a good promotion and driving effect for future marketing. If it is an investment of tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of yuan, it is recommended to carry out equipment production and carry out full control of temperature and humidity, but it does not necessarily require automatic control. It can be controlled automatically within a certain period of time through phased computer control, rather than one-time automatic control of the whole process.

Fourth, select varieties according to the latest technology

This kind of choice is broader: for example, the relatively new technology, "selenium-rich edible fungi," covers almost all varieties of edible fungi, and "functional edible fungi" also includes more than 20 varieties. Within its scope, it is more targeted to select varieties according to their own strength, that is, market conditions.

V. recommendation of specific varieties (strains)

Pleurotus ostreatus: strains 8359 and 2020 of medium and wide temperature type can be used in the season of medium and high temperature in northern China, while strains 2006 and 83 of medium and low temperature type can produce mushrooms in autumn and winter in the central and northern regions.

Flammulina velutipes: yellow strain can choose Jinza 19, gold and so on; white strain can choose platinum, platinum 3 and so on.

Coprinus comatus: the large strains are mainly Cc168, Agricultural 258, and the white strains are Cc833, Big White Chicken and so on. The new strains adapted to facility cultivation are Coprinus comatus, especially suitable for cave cultivation and good commercial quality.

Lentinus edodes: cultivate flower mushroom can choose "Luhua No. 1", this strain can also cultivate thick mushroom, cultivate thick mushroom can choose 1363 and so on.

Agaricus bisporus: strain "2796" recommended by Fujian Mushroom Research and Promotion Station.

Straw mushroom: large strain V23, medium-sized strain V35, V42, this kind of large and medium-sized strain is especially popular.

Pleurotus ostreatus: the middle and high temperature strains are mainly Xiaoping No. 1, and the medium and low temperature strains are mainly PJ series strains.

Pleurotus ostreatus: there are mainly strains of Pleurotus ostreatus 101, 5, 2 and so on.

Pleurotus eryngii: there are mainly XZ- 1, XB- 1 and other strains.