Key points of High-yield cultivation techniques of Potato

Potato, a perennial herb of Solanaceae, is the fourth most important food crop in the world, second only to wheat, rice and corn. Go to the countryside to communicate with a grower and consult data to put forward the following technical points.

1. Scientific selection of species

The seed potato with clear algebra, less incidence of virus disease and large yield increase was selected. The seed potato with sufficient light and leeward should be removed, and the seed potato with deformity, disease and injury should be gradually green on the surface, and the buds should be cut and sown when the bud is protruding. The temperature of hoarding seeds is maintained at 20-39 ℃, and the seeds can be sown when the cone is falling. According to the climate and soil conditions of Luoyuan, when sprouting, it is generally required that the weight of the bud is not less than 30g, preferably more than 50g, sowing when the 10cm ground temperature is stable at 6: 7 ℃ (sowing around February 20); the second is to return to the soil 3cm after ditching 15cm fertilization, and then sow, cover the soil with 5~7cm, after pressing soil moisture, spray evenly with 100g of 48% trifluralin herbicide and water 30kg per mu, and then cover with plastic film. When the top film is unearthed, the seedlings should be ventilated in time to prevent them from burning.

(2) rational use of fertilizer

The fertilization of potato is generally based on the principle of "giving priority to organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, re-applying base fertilizer and applying topdressing early". During the growth of potato, the most need for water and fertilizer is the flowering stage, and this is also the season when the temperature rises and rainfall increases. At the same time, it is also the stage of organic fertilizer gradually maturing, decomposing and releasing nutrients. At this time, the transformation benefit of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in base fertilizer expanded continuously, which met the nutrient demand of potato during the growth period and promoted the plant growth and development. This is the purpose of re-applying base fertilizer.

There are two main points in re-applying base fertilizer: first, high-quality organic fertilizer should be given priority to in fertilization; second, we should insist on the combined application of organic fertilizer and three-element chemical fertilizer, in which the amount of three-element chemical fertilizer should be 2cm 3 of the amount used in the whole growth period as base fertilizer, leaving 1ram 3 as topdressing. The basic fertilizer application rate of 1500-2000 kg of potato per 667m2 is: 2000-3500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 12 kg of urea, 30 kg of calcium superphosphate, 150,200kg of plant ash or 10kg of potassium chloride. The above-mentioned fertilizers and organic fertilizers were evenly mixed together and applied as base fertilizer in the soil layer below 10 cm, which could loosen the tuber layer and facilitate the absorption of potato roots. The characteristic of potato fertilizer requirement is that potash fertilizer is the most, nitrogen fertilizer is the second, phosphorus fertilizer is the least, and the proportion is about 2.0 ∶ 1.0 ∶ 0.4. The main way of fertilization is base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing. According to the data, 1 000kg per mu of potato requires the application of 1 500 000kg per mu of organic fertilizer, urea 20kg (ammonium bicarbonate 50kg), diammonium phosphate 10kg, 50% potassium sulfate 45kg, zinc sulfate 2kg. Application method: 70% of the nitrogen fertilizer was mixed with phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizer as seed fertilizer into the ridge and furrow (not in contact with the seed block), and 30% nitrogen fertilizer was reserved as topdressing.

(3) ingenious use of land power and space

In order to adapt to the characteristics of strong potato plant, luxuriant vegetative body and good development of single plant, the ridge platform width of plastic film cultivation plot in Zunhua city is 70cm, two rows of species, small row spacing 35~40cm, plant spacing 25~27cm. The cultivation density is 4000 plants per mu, which depends on the characteristics of varieties, soil fertility, fertilization level and air temperature. If the fertilizer and water are sufficient and the temperature is high, the ridge distance should be widened and the plant spacing should be enlarged appropriately.