Technical measures to improve the fecundity of Dairy cows

In recent years, with the development of dairy industry, the feeding scale of dairy cows has been expanding, but its fecundity has a downward trend. Dairy cows in dairy farms often show symptoms such as non-estrus, unobvious symptoms of estrus, prolonged estrus, slow ovulation, decreased conception rate and early embryo death, which lead to low fecundity of dairy cows and adversely affect the development of dairy industry. The author summarizes the following technical measures to improve the fecundity of dairy cows for readers' reference.

First, rationally match the diet. Malnutrition or high nutrition level of feed will have different effects on estrus, conception rate, embryo quality, reproductive system function, endocrine balance, various complications during delivery and so on. Cow feeding and management personnel should prepare feed according to scientific nutrients in accordance with the requirements of the physiological characteristics and growth stage of dairy cows, so as to achieve scientific feeding and careful conditioning.

Second, control the fat situation. Strictly control the fat condition, which has a great relationship with the milk yield, especially in the dry period, due to the increase of metabolic diseases, the body condition of dry cows should be maintained at a medium level, and the cows should not be fed too fat, otherwise it will easily lead to dystocia and affect the milk yield in the future. Most of the overweight cows lose their appetite after delivery, resulting in a large amount of fat in the body, which is easy to cause ketoemia. In addition, fat dried cows can also cause fatty liver.

Third, strengthen the exercise. Dairy cows should have 3-4 hours of outdoor activities every day. Proper exercise can improve the physique and milk yield of dairy cows, promote estrus and prevent placenta retention. If the adult cow is not exercised enough and the cow is too fat, it will reduce the milk yield and fecundity, and will get sick due to the decline of physique.

Fourth, brush the cow body. Brushing is of great significance to promote the metabolism of dairy cows and keep the cattle clean and hygienic. Cows should be brushed 2 or 3 times a day. The temperature is high in midsummer, in order to promote the skin to dissipate heat, bathe the cow body with clear water, and then wash it, which is not only conducive to hygiene, but also can prevent heat, cool down, and improve milk production; in winter, it should be mainly dry brush, unless necessary, generally do not wash the cow body, when necessary, the area of washing should be as small as possible, it is best to use warm water, immediately after washing with a towel to wipe the coat and skin clean.

Fifth, foot and limb care. The quality of cow hoof has a great relationship with its economic value, limb hoof is an important part of dairy cow, cow hoof disorder can cause difficulty in forage and drinking water, resulting in a decline in milk yield. Therefore, limb hooves should be checked and protected frequently to reduce the occurrence of rotten hoof, hoof leaf inflammation and other limb hoof disorders.

Sixth, the appropriate dry milk period. The proper drying period can ensure the milk yield of the next lactation period. The length of the dry period is determined according to the age, body condition and lactation performance of the cow, which is generally 45-75 days, with an average of 50-60 days. The first birth or early mating cows, weak and aged cows, high-yielding cows and cows with poor feeding conditions need a longer dry milk period (60-75 days), while strong cows with low milk yield and good nutritional status, the dry milk period can be shortened, but not less than 35 days. The lack or shortening of the dry milk period will reduce the next stage of lactation.

Seventh, reduce heat stress. When the temperature is above 30 ℃, it will have a serious impact on feed intake, milk yield and reproductive capacity of dairy cows, so a very important task in summer feeding management is to reduce heat stress.

Eighth, carry out postpartum monitoring. Within 60 days after delivery, ensure scientific feeding and management conditions, and use scientific methods such as testing and testing to carry out comprehensive and systematic monitoring of postpartum dairy cows, in which the focus is on reproductive organs, and the main content is the obstetrical diseases of dairy cows.

Li Jianjun