Sowing technique of forage white clover

White clover is leguminous clover, which belongs to perennial forage. The stem stolons grow, 30-60 cm long, the main root is short, the lateral root is developed, and there are nodules for nitrogen fixation. White clover likes warm, cool and humid climate, it is more resistant to shade and moisture, and its heat and cold resistance is stronger than that of red clover. It can be planted in southern mountains, hills and orchards. Lax requirements on the soil, strong acid resistance, can also grow in the soil of pH 4.5, not resistant to salt and alkali. White clover fresh grass is rich in crude protein, and all kinds of livestock and poultry like to eat. The fresh grass can be cut 4 times a year, and the average yield per mu is 3000 Mu 4000 kg.

1. Growth characteristics of white clover.

1. Perennials. White clover is a persistent root plant, if properly managed, it can grow continuously for more than 10 years.

2. Good negative resistance. It can grow normally under the environment of 30% light transmittance, and it is more suitable to be planted in orchards such as citrus.

3. Good invasiveness. White clover has more developed lateral roots and stolons after its formation, which is more competitive than other weeds.

4. A wide range of adaptation. It has a certain ability of cold and heat resistance, and the requirement for soil PH value is wide, reaching 4.5-8.5. more than 99% of the soil PH value in Lishui is less than 7, and there is no problem in planting in Lishui.

5. High ornamental value. Early flowering, long florescence, beautiful leaf shape, good landscape effect can be obtained after the formation of the flat. The 30 mu of white clover planted in Peach Garden in Jiukeng Village, Liandu District has shown a good ornamental effect, attracting many people to watch peach blossoms, enjoy the green space, and take photos, the color of the photos taken is very beautiful.

2. Sowing techniques of white clover

1. Sowing and seed treatment. The best time for white clover sowing is in spring and autumn, and the optimum growth temperature is 19-240C. Spring sowing can be from the end of March to the end of April, and the temperature is above 150C. Autumn sowing is usually from mid-September to late September. The seeds should be soaked before sowing, adding 1.5 jin of water per jin of seeds, adding 1 gram of ammonium molybdate for 12 hours, adding 5-10 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5-10 kg of fine soil or 5-10 kg of yellow sand.

2. Land preparation. The seeds of white clover are small, and the soil force at the top of the seedlings is poor, so the ground must be leveled and raked fine before sowing to facilitate seedling emergence. When planting in areas with heavy soil and heavy precipitation, ditches should be made to facilitate drainage. For planting and using fresh grass in mountainous areas, it is appropriate to choose areas with more shade or moist soil. Interplanting in the orchard should remove weeds and loosen the soil between the rows of fruit trees before sowing, level the ground, and sow 1-2 days before rain.

3. Planting mode. Fruit trees can be planted between rows, can be sowed or sowed, and the row spacing is 15 cm. Sowing should be shallow rather than deep, generally 0.5-1.5 cm. Single sowing, 0.5-0.75 kg per mu, sowing or strip sowing, strip sowing row spacing 30 cm. It is better to sow seeds after dressing with the same amount of fertile soil. When mixed with oxtail grass and ryegrass, the sowing amount was reduced appropriately. Weeds should be removed at the seedling stage to facilitate the formation of white clover.

4. Fertilization. White clover belongs to legume, which has the ability of nitrogen fixation, but the rhizobium has not been formed at seedling stage, so it is necessary to supplement a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to strong seedlings, and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer has a good effect on increasing yield. After the formation of the flat, only phosphorus and potash fertilizer is needed. Before sowing, apply 20-25 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu and a certain amount of barnyard manure as base manure. When the plants are short and the leaves are yellow, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. Generally, 2.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium fertilizer and 5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be applied 15 days after emergence to promote strong seedlings and increase grass yield.

5. Field management. White clover grows slowly in seedling stage and is vulnerable to weeds, so weeds should be removed frequently in seedling stage, especially in spring sowing. Sowing in September, blooming in April and blooming in mid-May, the grass layer is 15-20 cm high during flowering, which is the suitable time for cutting and utilization. After cutting, the regeneration ability is strong, and the second stubble grass layer is quickly formed to cover the grassland. In the hot season, white clover stops growing. Large weeds should be removed in time in 2-3 years after the formation of grass cover. If the lack of seedlings is caused by high temperature and drought in summer, it can be reseeded in autumn to restore grassland productivity. If a large area is planted as grazing land, light grazing can be carried out 1-2 months after sowing and when the weeds are 20-25 cm high to inhibit the growth of weeds. The disease of white clover is less, but the harvest is not timely, and sometimes brown spot and powdery mildew occur, which can be cut and used first, and then controlled by Bordeaux solution, stone-sulfur mixture or carbendazim.

6. Mowing and utilization. Mowing grass when the height is about 20 cm, it can be cut 3-4 times a year, and the stubble is not less than 5 cm when mowing to facilitate regeneration. Under the plate of the cut grass and fruit trees or among the plants, the soil covered before winter rotted into highly efficient organic fertilizer. White clover fresh grass is rich in crude protein, and all kinds of livestock and poultry like to eat. White clover is often used as the main grass species in grazing fields. Use white clover and other clover and ryegrass to build mixed grassland and graze cattle and sheep. In the agricultural areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, pigs, cattle and fish are reared. White clover is resistant to tread, rapid expansion and strong competitiveness with weeds. Moderate grazing is beneficial to the growth of white clover and the formation of grass layer. Excessive consumption of white clover in livestock and poultry will cause bulging disease, which should be fed with Gramineae forage. Cut fresh grass 4-5 times a year, with a yield of 3000-4000 kg per mu.