Technical points of feeding and Management of cows

When people raise beef breeder cows, they expect high conception rate, high lactation performance, strong ability to feed calves and early return to estrus after calving: the expected calves have good quality, birth weight, high milk yield and high survival rate of weaning.

(1) feeding and management of pregnant cows

After pregnancy, cows not only need nutrition for their own growth and development, but also meet the nutritional needs of fetal growth and development and nutrition accumulation for postpartum lactation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant cows so that they can calve and lactation normally.

1. Strengthen the feeding of pregnant cows in the early stage of pregnancy, cows are generally raised as empty cows, and nutrition should be strengthened in the last 2-3 months of pregnancy, which directly affects fetal growth and nutrition accumulation. In house feeding pregnant cows, the diet formula should be adjusted according to the increase of pregnancy month, and the amount of nutrients should be increased. For grazing pregnant cows, choose high-quality pastures, prolong grazing time, and supplement 1-2kg concentrate feed every day after grazing. At the same time, we should pay attention to prevent pregnant cows from becoming too fat, especially the first-born young cows, but also to prevent over-feeding, so as to avoid dystocia.

2. To do a good job in protecting the fetus of pregnant cows during pregnancy, attention should be paid to preventing abortion and premature delivery, and attention should be paid to the following aspects in practice:

The main results are as follows: (1) the cows in the third trimester of pregnancy are grouped separately with other herds and grazed separately in the nearby pasture.

(2) in order to prevent cows from crashing into each other, do not whip and drive them away when grazing to avoid frightening the herd.

(3) do not graze or drive away on rainy days to prevent slipping.

(4) do not graze on dewy pastures, and do not let cattle feed on a large number of young legume grasses that are easy to produce gas, do not eat moldy feed, and do not drink ice ballast water.

Pregnant cows in house feeding should exercise about 2 hours a day to avoid overweight or insufficient exercise. Attention should be paid to the observation of parturient cows and timely preparations for delivery and midwifery.

(2) feeding and management of lactating cows

A lactating cow is a cow that feeds its calves with its milk after calving. In recent years, with the continuous deepening and development of yellow cattle breeding and improvement, Arong Banner yellow cattle gradually developed in the direction of meat and milk, resulting in obvious social and economic benefits. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the feeding and management of lactating cows.

1. Feeding and management of house-fed lactating cows within 10 days of calving, the cows are still in the stage of body recovery, and the cows that are too fat or too thin after calving must be properly raised. For frail cows, only high-quality hay is fed within 3 days after delivery, and appropriate amount of concentrate and succulent feed can be given 4 days later, and according to the recovery of breast and digestive system, the amount of feed is gradually increased, but the amount of concentrate should not exceed 1 kg per day. When the milk edema completely disappeared, the feed can be increased to normal. If the cow has no breast edema, healthy physique and normal feces, it can be fed with juicy and concentrated feed on the first day after calving, and can be increased to normal feeding on the 6th or 7th day.

Postpartum first-born cows are prone to ketosis due to lack of concentrate rich in carbohydrates and excessive protein supply, which can reduce blood sugar and increase ketones in blood and urine. Great attention should be paid to it in practice. When raising lactating cows for meat, it is generally appropriate to feed them three times a day.

2. Grazing management of lactating cows due to the rich crude protein in green feed, various essential amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and trace elements, sufficient exercise and sunbathing during grazing and rich nutrients in forage grass, it can promote the metabolism of cattle, improve reproductive function, increase milk production, enhance the health of cows and calves, and improve their resistance to diseases. The following preparations should be done before grazing and raising.

(1) preparation of grazing equipment: overhauling houses, sheds and fences before the advent of grazing season; identifying temporary resting places after water and drinking water; and repairing roads.

(2) preparation of cattle: including hoof trimming, removal of horns, removal of parasites in and out of the body, inspection of cattle number, weighing and grouping of cows, etc.

(3) the transition from house feeding to grazing: before cows are driven to pasture, they should be pre-fed with roughage, semi-dry silage and silage, and there should be sufficient amount of fiber in the diet to maintain normal rumen digestion. The transition period in summer is 8 days, the succulent feed in winter diet is very little, and the transition period should be 14 days. During the transition period, in order to prevent grass convulsions, grazing for 2 to 3 hours a day, gradually to the end of the 12 hours a day.

(4) as the forage grass contains less potassium and more sodium, special attention should be paid to the supply of salt in order to maintain the balance of sodium and potassium in cattle. Salt supplement method: it can be fed in the concentrate of the cow, or a salt trough can be set up in the place where the cow drinks water for it to lick freely.