Scientific Management method of growing and finishing Pig

Many years of pig production practice shows that there are the following problems in the management of growing and finishing pigs, that is, slow growth rate, inability to give full play to growth genetic potential, high case fatality rate and poor breeding efficiency. The analysis of the causes of the problems is related to improper fattening methods and high culture density. Now, in view of the problem, some scientific feeding and management methods are put forward.

1 Scientific fattening methods

Lean finishing pigs usually adopt the "through-train" fattening method, which is also called straight-line fattening. Using this fattening mode, the fattening period can be divided into two stages, namely 20~60kg in the early stage and 60-90kg in the later stage, or into three stages, namely 20-35kg in the early stage, 35-60kg in the middle stage and 60-90kg in the later stage. According to the different age stages, the feeding techniques with different nutrition levels can be adopted. In general, lean finishing pigs adopt a higher nutritional level from the beginning to the end. In the later stage, the energy level of the diet can be properly controlled, the fat deposition can be reduced and the lean meat percentage of ketone body can be increased.

(2) Culture scale and density

Pigs are mainly raised in groups, and the feeding density and scale will affect the growth rate and feed conversion rate of pigs. If the breeding density is too high and the space occupied by pigs is limited, it will increase the number of bitten fights between pigs and affect feed intake and rest. Especially in summer, excessive breeding density will lead to the increase of temperature and humidity in the house, affect the weight gain and feed conversion rate of pigs, and induce diseases. In general, restricted feeding is required. If each pig occupies a similar slot and area, it is suggested that it should be raised in small groups in any season, and 15 pigs per group should be kept in 10mur. the maximum number of pigs should not exceed 30. Under the condition of free feeding, the number of heads can be increased by about 50. The feeding density of fattening pigs varies according to the weight of pigs and the floor structure of pig houses. Usually with the increase of the body weight of fattening pigs, the number of heads per column decreases and the area of each pig increases accordingly. For the pigsty with small playground structure, the minimum area of the playground for each pig can be the same as that of the inner circle, and the minimum area of the playground for each pig is 0.2 × 0.3 m2 / head for body weight 35kg, 0.25 × 0.35 m2 / head for 75kg and 0.30 × 0.40 m2 / head for 100 kg. However, in southern China, due to high temperature and humidity in summer, the feeding density should be appropriately reduced in order to make the growth and development of pigs normal. When raising fattening pigs in large groups, a movable board or movable fence should be set up in the pig house, and the area of the pig house can be adjusted according to the individual size of the pig. At the same time, pigs with poor growth and development should be transferred to another enclosure in time to strengthen feeding.

3 feeding frequency

The study confirmed that under the same nutrition and management conditions, different feeding times had little effect on the daily weight gain of fattening pigs. For example, at present, there is no significant difference in daily feed conversion rate between 2 times / d and 3 times / d in fattening pigs. However, when feeding twice a day, it is best arranged in the early morning and evening. Because of these two periods, fattening pigs have a good appetite and large food intake, which is more conducive to weight gain.

? 4 adequate and clean drinking water

As an important part of pig body, water plays an important role in body temperature regulation, nutrient absorption, waste excretion and other metabolic links. At the same time, water is also an important nutrient for pigs. Therefore, it is necessary to provide clean and adequate drinking water. The water demand of pigs varies with the surrounding temperature, humidity and feed composition. Under normal circumstances, the water demand in winter is 2 to 3 times that of air-dried feed, or about 10% of body weight; in spring and autumn, the water demand is 4 times that of air-dried feed, or 16% of body weight; and the water demand in summer is 5 times that of air-dried feed, or 23% of body weight.

? 5 related work

Deworming, castration and immunization are three important technical measures in the process of feeding. However, for fattening pigs, these three technical measures can produce strong stress, the time can not be at the same time, should be carried out separately.

5.1 deworming

The common parasitic diseases of fattening pigs are ascariasis, pulmonary filariasis, ginger flake disease, scabies mites and so on. Scientific deworming, it is recommended to carry out the first deworming at the age of 90 days and twice at the age of 135 days if necessary to strengthen the effect of epidemic prevention.

5.2 castration

According to the relevant experimental data, castration and non-castration have great effects on daily gain and lean meat percentage of ketone body in pigs. In general, foreign lean pigs mature late, sows can not be castrated, boars are fattened after castration. However, the sexual maturity of most pig breeds in China is relatively early, if not castrated, the secretion of sex hormones in ketone body is strong, the flavor is strong, and the meat quality is affected. As a result, both males and females were castrated, the castration time was generally arranged at about 30 days old, and the body weight was between 5 and 7 kg. At this time, the pig is small and the operation is easy to arrange.

5.3 epidemic prevention

At present, there is no uniform procedure for vaccination. Now the immune procedures of two major epidemic diseases are introduced, which are for reference only. First, the triple freeze-dried vaccine (classical swine fever, swine erysipelas, porcine lung disease) vaccination, weaning piglets can be inoculated once, after an interval of 2 months to strengthen the injection, the epidemic prevention effect is better. The second, 20-day-old, 55-day-old and 70-day-old immune program, that is, piglets were injected with classical swine fever vaccine at 20 days after birth, swine fever vaccine and porcine erysipelas, porcine pulmonary disease and piglet paratyphoid vaccine at 55 days, and piglet paratyphoid vaccine at 70 days old. a good immune effect can be obtained.

6. Health care

In recent years, the price of feed raw materials has risen greatly, and the price of feed is expensive. In order to save costs and reduce the quality of feed and raw materials, nutrition is not satisfied and pig growth is limited; there are many pig diseases, morbidity and mortality have increased significantly, coupled with fluctuating pig prices and frustrated enthusiasm for raising pigs. "Dazhuangsu", a health care product produced by Green Leaf Biotechnology Co., Ltd., can be released 1015 days ahead of schedule. The feed intake is increased, the feed digestion and absorption is good, the feces is reduced, the utilization rate is obviously improved, the pig is in good shape, the muscle is strong, the skin is red and the hair is bright, and the lean meat rate is high.