Suggestions on self-help of vegetable production after Rain disaster

Recently, heavy rainfall and strong winds have occurred in most parts of Quzhou County, flood disasters have occurred in some places, local farmland has been waterlogged, some agricultural facilities and farmland have been destroyed, and crops have been lodged, which have a negative impact on agricultural production. in order to scientifically deal with the harm caused by the rain to the vegetable production of the whole county, we should minimize the loss and ensure the supply of vegetables and the income of vegetable farmers. The technical personnel of the county agriculture and animal husbandry bureau went deep into Quzhou Town, where there are more vegetables, to check the disaster situation, guide the production to help themselves, and put forward the following technical suggestions:

I. vegetables in the open field

(1) timely removal of stagnant water and ploughing and loosening the soil. For the lightly affected plots, the drainage ditches of vegetable fields should be dredged as soon as possible, the stagnant water should be removed, and the sediment deposited in the field should be removed. After the vegetable field soil is slightly dry, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time, improve soil physical properties, prevent soil consolidation, improve soil air permeability and water permeability, promote root growth and development, and restore growth as soon as possible.

(2) replanting and replanting as soon as possible to reduce economic losses. For the vegetable fields that have been severely affected and some or all of the seedlings have been flooded, it is necessary to rush to harvest and replant other vegetables in time. Cabbage, fast-growing leafy vegetables can be planted, cauliflower, cabbage, wrapped lettuce can be planted in the case of seedlings, and leafy vegetables such as fennel, rape, heat-resistant spinach, loose leaf lettuce and other fast-growing leafy vegetables can also be selected.

(3) strengthen field management to promote high and stable yield. After the rainstorm, we should tie up the fallen vegetable plants in time, strengthen the vegetable shelf, remove the residual branches and diseased fruit, clean up the sediment adhering to the stems and leaves, and timely cultivate the soil to support the roots and enhance the lodging resistance. Due to the serious fertilizer loss in the field after the rainstorm, coupled with the decrease of vegetable root vitality and the ability to absorb fertilizer and water, it is necessary to topdressing in time: first, soil topdressing. According to the amount of fertilizer applied flexibly in different fields, the plots with serious waterlogging and more fertilizer loss should be replenished more appropriately, otherwise less, and generally 5kg of urea and 10kg of superphosphate per mu can be applied. Leafy vegetables are mainly nitrogen fertilizer, thin fertilizer is applied frequently; melons, legumes, eggplant fruits should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the second is foliar fertilizer spraying. The foliage of vegetables can be sprayed with a mixture of 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea, once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 times, to increase yield and prevent premature senescence or malformed fruit.

(4) conscientiously do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds. The weather of high temperature and humidity is beneficial to the occurrence and spread of germs, so the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds should be done in time. First, it can spray carbendazim or methyl thiophanate and other fungicides for 1 or 2 times to prevent bacteria from invading from the wound; second, it is necessary to keep the vegetable garden clean and tidy and remove weeds and diseased plants in the field in time.

(5) to strengthen the production management of sowing vegetables in summer and autumn. For summer and autumn sowing vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and radish, varieties with disease resistance, high yield and storage resistance should be selected, such as Beijing New No. 3 and Youlu No. 3 for Chinese cabbage. At the same time, drainage facilities should be built in vegetable fields to ensure smooth drainage in case of heavy rain and other disasters.

II. Protected vegetables

(1) to remove stagnant water from the facilities and disinfect the soil. For the lightly affected shed with stagnant water, the stagnant water should be removed quickly, and the soil should be disinfected with more than 50% carbendazim and 40% formalin to kill the germs in the soil and prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

(2) raising seedlings and replanting in time to speed up the resumption of production. For the greenhouse where the disaster is serious and the seedlings are flooded, the soil should be disinfected and replanted in time. The damaged seedlings should be sprayed with fungicides and foliar fertilizer in time to prevent germs from invading from the wound and at the same time apply rooting fertilizers to promote the growth of vegetables as soon as possible.

(3) to take favorable measures to repair the damaged shed. Cultivate the soil on the greenhouse wall damaged by Rain Water, reinforce and cover the film or non-woven fabric to avoid secondary erosion. At the same time, the damaged columns in the shed and the back slope of the greenhouse and other key parts should be replaced and strengthened in time. Pay attention to check the damage of the greenhouse film, the loopholes should be repaired in time, at the same time increase the pressure film line, fix the greenhouse film. In order to prevent the harm of hail, the insect prevention net or sunshade net equal to the length and width of the shed can be covered, tightened and kept at a certain distance from the greenhouse film, so as to reduce the impact of hail on the greenhouse film, avoid being broken by hail and cause damage to vegetable crops.

(4) to dig and set up drainage ditches to ensure smooth drainage. Drainage ditches with a width of about 0.5m and a depth of 0.3m can be dug around the shed to ensure that the water flowing down from the shed after the rainstorm comes again is discharged in time to prevent Rain Water from pouring into the shed.

(5) strengthen cultivation management and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The excessive humidity after the rainstorm is easy to breed a variety of diseases. It is necessary to strengthen the temperature and humidity control of the shed, increase ventilation, reduce the humidity of the shed, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Fungicides such as chlorothalonil and methyl thiophanate should be sprayed 1 or 2 times in fine weather to prevent germs from invading the wound. Root irrigation should be the main control of soil-borne diseases. At the same time, physical control methods such as anti-insect nets and trapping boards should be applied to reduce the occurrence of insect pests. If pests are found, biological pesticides, high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides should be used in time to ensure product quality and safety.

Liu Xiaoxia, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Quzhou County