Health and epidemic Prevention of Dairy cows

In cattle production, we should adhere to the principle of "preventing disease more than curing disease", prevent and eliminate dairy cow diseases, especially infectious diseases and metabolic diseases, so that dairy cows can better play their production performance, prolong their service life and improve the economic benefits of cattle raising.

(1) Prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases

1. Daily precautions

(1)Cows should keep production areas separate from living areas. Disinfection pool and disinfection room (equipped with ultraviolet lamp and other disinfection facilities) shall be set at the entrance of production area. Disinfectants such as 2%-4% sodium hydroxide solution shall be kept in disinfection pool all year round.

(2)Strictly control the entry of non-production personnel into the production area. When necessary, change the work clothes and shoes and hats, and enter only after disinfection in the disinfection room.

(3)Production areas are not allowed to dissect corpses, dogs, pigs and other livestock and poultry are not allowed, mosquitoes and flies are regularly killed.

(4)Quarantine for tuberculosis, brucellosis and paratuberculosis is conducted once a year in spring and autumn. Cattle with positive or suspicious reactions shall be disposed of in time according to regulations. After the quarantine is over, the inside and outside of the cattle house and the appliances should be thoroughly eliminated in time.

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(5)Every spring and autumn, check scabies and other body surface parasites. From June to September, check regularly and eliminate ticks in epidemic areas of scorchworm disease. Prevent fasciola hepatica and other parasites in cattle in October. Check coccidia and deworming in calf population in spring.

(6)Newly introduced cattle must hold legal quarantine certificates and strictly implement the quarantine system. They can only be crowded after confirmation of health.

(7)Breeders should have physical examination at least once a year. If they are found to have infectious diseases that endanger people and cattle, they should be transferred in time to prevent infection.

2. Emergency prevention measures in case of outbreak

(1)An epidemic prevention team should be formed immediately to make an accurate diagnosis as soon as possible and report the epidemic situation to the relevant higher authorities promptly.

(2)The sick cattle shall be isolated rapidly, the infectious diseases with serious harm shall be blocked in time, the blockade zone shall be established, the personnel and vehicles shall be strictly disinfected, and the environment shall be polluted strictly. The condition for lifting the blockade is that no new cases appear within two incubation periods after the last sick cow is cured or slaughtered, and the blockade can be lifted only after comprehensive disinfection and approval by the superior competent department.

(3)Reasonable comprehensive prevention and control measures shall be taken for sick cattle and cattle in the blockade area, including emergency vaccination, antibiotic therapy, specific therapy of hyperimmune serum, chemotherapy, auxiliary therapy for strengthening physique and physiological function, etc.

(4)Dead cattle carcasses should be disposed of in strict accordance with epidemic prevention regulations.

(ii) Monitoring of metabolic diseases

Due to the intensive production of dairy cows and the development of high-standard feeding and directional breeding, the production performance and economic benefit of dairy cows have been improved, and the progress of research on nutrition and metabolism has been promoted. However, if the feeding management conditions and techniques are slightly neglected, it will inevitably lead to the occurrence of nutrition and metabolism diseases, which will seriously affect the health, milk yield and utilization period of dairy cows. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the monitoring of metabolic diseases of dairy cows.

(1)Metabolic sampling test (MPT) randomly sampled 30-50 dairy cows every quarter to determine a series of biochemical indexes such as urine nitrogen content, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, blood glucose and hemoglobin in order to observe the metabolic status of the herd.

(2)Determination of urine pH and ketone body within one week before delivery to two months after delivery, urine pH and ketone body shall be determined once every other day, and the positive or suspicious cattle shall be treated in time, and the herd condition shall be paid attention to.

(3)Adjust the diet formula:

① Regularly determine the contents of various nutrients in balanced diet.

(2) For cows with high yield, emaciation and weakness, it is necessary to adjust the diet formula to increase nutrition in time to prevent the occurrence of related diseases.

(4)During the peak lactation period of high-yield dairy cows, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium oxide should be properly added to concentrate.

(3) Health care for breasts and hooves

1. Keep the cattle house, cattle bed, sports, cattle body and udder clean regularly, and keep the cattle house, cattle bed and sports flat, dry and free of dirt (such as bricks, stones, slag, waste plastic bags, etc.).

2. Milk must be washed with clean water breast, and then dry with a clean towel, milk, must use 3%-4% sodium hypochlorite solution, such as disinfectant soak each nipple for a few seconds.

3. Subclinical mastitis should be monitored 10 days and 3 days before stopping lactation. Cattle with positive reaction should be treated in time. Cattle with negative reaction twice can be stopped lactation.

After stopping lactation, continue to bathe nipples for 1 week, and observe the changes of breasts regularly. 1 week before the expected date of delivery, resume the medicated bath twice a day.

4. Every year in January, March, June, July, August, September, November to carry out surveillance of recessive mastitis. Comprehensive prevention and treatment measures should be taken for mastitis with clinical manifestations, and cows that have not recovered for a long time should be eliminated in time to reduce the source of infection.

5. Every spring and autumn, check and adjust the hoof once, and treat the cattle suffering from limb and hoof disease in time. In the season of high incidence of hoof disease, 5% copper sulfate solution should be sprayed on hoof twice a week to reduce the occurrence of hoof disease, and attention should be paid to the condition of the whole herd for cattle with high incidence of hoof disease.

6. Semen from bulls with a genetic defect of foot and limb disease is prohibited from breeding.

7. Regularly detect all kinds of feed ingredients, often check, adjust and balance the nutrition of dairy cattle diet, especially when the incidence of hoof disease reaches more than 15%.