Key points of sow feeding management

I. feeding standard

1. Only 1 kg / head was fed on the day of weaning, and then increased to 2.5-3 kg / day until estrus mating.

Within 18 days after mating: 1.8-2.0 kg / day, increased to 3-3.5 kg / head in the first three days of estrus (18-21 days after mating), and can be initially determined as matching (pregnancy) if not in estrus. Then until 30 days before delivery (84 days of pregnancy) 2.2-2.5 kg per day (Tainong "company + peasant household" pregnancy material). 2.5-2.8 kg / day on the 84th day of pregnancy, Tainong "company + farmer" lactation sow feed can be used before delivery and post-weaning breeding. The feed should be increased gradually and should be increased or decreased according to the degree of fat and thinness of the sow.

2. 3 days before parturition (7 days of the new sow), the diet should be reduced to 2-2.5 kg per day. On the day of delivery (see sow care), it can be fed less than 1 kg or not (can be replaced by purging wheat bran or green feed). However, adequate water should be provided with electrolytes and vitamins to reduce childbirth stress. 0.5-1 kg for the first meal after delivery, then gradually increased (0.5 kg per day) to the full amount after 7 days, the total amount should be based on the number of piglets, 4 kg / day for less than 8 piglets, 0.5 kg / day for each additional piglet (for example, 4.5 kg / 9 piglets, 5 kg / 10 piglets), until 3 days before weaning, and then gradually reduced to 2-2.5 kg / day. I don't feed without milk. Whether the food intake of lactating sows is sufficient or not is closely related to the growth and litter size of piglets. Attention should be paid to the heat dissipation of sows in hot summer, and if necessary, more meals can be fed (when it is cooler in the evening) or water can be added to wet feed to increase the appetite of sows.

Second, nursing care of sows

1. Signs of sow delivery

(1) the pregnancy date of normal sows is 114 days (usually there are differences between several days). Therefore, the mating date must be recorded in detail. the new sows will give birth earlier than the parturient sows, and they will also give birth earlier when the litter size is higher. The vulva door began to flush and edema 14-20 days before delivery, and slightly subsided and showed dark red before labor.

(2) Breast milk changes: in general, the front nipple can spout milk and give birth in about a few hours, and finally the nipple can squeeze out the milk and give birth in about 6-12 hours.

(3) behavior: restless behaviors such as frequent defecation, restless lying down, rubbing the floor with nasal speculum, and the discharge of mucus or meconium from the birth canal when labor pains or anger began.

2. Delivery

(1) preparation: clean dry rag, canine scissors, insulation lamp (infrared light bulb), protective box, disinfectant (iodine tincture, excellent iodine), etc.

(2) after the piglet is born: remove the mucus from the mouth and nose of the newborn piglet, dry the whole body with a dry rag, and place it in a protective box lit with a thermal lamp. After all production, cut off the canine teeth, cut off the tail and leave the umbilical cord with 4-6cm to cut off the rest, disinfect the wound and instruments with disinfectant (superior iodine), wait for the sow to lie down and leave it next to the sow breast to feed naturally. Weaker piglets should help them suck the nipples above the front and prevent strong piglets from being pushed and occupied.

(3) dystocia: if the interval between sows is more than 30 minutes or the stage of labor is more than 6 hours, it is considered dystocia. The type of dystocia should be judged first and the corresponding midwifery method should be adopted. If the litter is weak, but the cervix has been opened, you can inject oxytocin (the dose is determined according to the size of the sow). If it is still ineffective, hand should be cleaned, disinfected, trimmed and smooth the nails beforehand, and apply artificial amniotic fluid or other lubricant slowly into the birth canal, use fingers or midwifery equipment to help piglets produce, pull out piglets slowly with the angry force of sows. Sows with artificial midwifery should be treated with antimicrobials to prevent the occurrence of endometritis.

(4) for the sows with postpartum non-milk syndrome (MMA syndrome), it is necessary to find out the cause and take corresponding treatment methods, such as correct feeding to prevent constipation, uterine inflammation and mastitis, heat stroke and heat stress in hot season.

III. Daily management

(1) regularly inspect and carefully examine the appetite, drinking water, feces and environment of sows and pay close attention to the actions of parturient sows, so as to prevent sows from crushing to death, and early detection of intestinal diseases, especially early-onset coliform disease in piglets, as soon as they are found, the whole litter should be treated as soon as possible, because the earlier the treatment effect and the better the cure.

(2) always keep the birth bed and sow abdomen clean and clean. Do not wet the birth bed and piglets.

(3) the room temperature of sow house controlled at 20 ℃ is the most comfortable temperature for sows, but the activity area of newborn piglets should be kept at 30-34 ℃, and the activity area of larger piglets can decrease gradually, so the activity area of piglets should be isolated from sows.

(4) pay attention to ventilation to prevent harmful gases (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) from causing harm to the respiratory tract of pigs.

(5) sows should provide adequate sanitary and clean drinking water (40 liters per day for lactating sows), especially in hot summer, attention should be paid to insufficient water pressure or failure of drinking fountains.

(6) when weaning, drive away the sows first, concentrate the underweight piglets and look for the sows with better motherhood.

(7) conscientiously make all kinds of records, truly reflect the production level, review the poor production capacity and the reasons for the reduction, so as to really improve the production technology and efficiency.

IV. Disease prevention and treatment

(1) endometritis: wash the uterus several times with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and then inject normal saline containing antibiotics such as penicillin.

(2) mastitis: first, breast massage, and then local or systemic treatment with antimicrobial agents with high sensitivity to infected bacteria.

(3) non-milk disease: in addition to the main causes of non-milk disease (such as endometritis, mastitis, postpartum loss of appetite, summer heat stress, etc.), antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicins or long-acting tetracyclines are available, combined with supportive therapy drugs such as Anna plus (cardiotonic agent), V.B-compound, V.C, calcium gluconate, or effective extracts of traditional Chinese medicine. Xiao Zhijian