Pay attention to the five key links to ensure the improvement of quality and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus

First, choose a good site: Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated indoors or outdoors. Indoor cultivation, can make use of idle houses; outdoor cultivation, can build plastic greenhouse, shade shed and other facilities; at the same time, the plastic greenhouse for growing vegetables can be properly modified and set up ventilation holes for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.

2. Selection of ingredients: the culture materials used for the production of Pleurotus ostreatus should choose corncobs, bean stalks, rice straw, wheat stalks and peanut shells that are fresh, mildew-free, moth-free, and do not contain pesticides or other harmful chemicals, and should be exposed to the sun for 2 days before ingredient, so as to kill the miscellaneous bacteria and pests in the material.

The commonly used formula is: ① corncob 50%, bean straw 47%, wheat bran 2%, lime 1%. ② sawdust 89%, wheat bran 10%, lime 1%. ③ straw 99%, lime 1%. ④ wheat straw 85%, corn meal 15%. After preparing the culture material, mix the material fully and mix well with water. And pile up for more than 2 hours, let the culture material eat through water. If there are conditions, it is best to stack and ferment the culture material, which can not only improve its physical and chemical properties, but also reduce the harm of miscellaneous bacteria and diseases and insect pests. The specific method is as follows: spread a layer of 10cm thick wheat straw on the cement ground, pile the material into a round pile, use a stick to ventilate the eyes to the bottom of the material, and then cover the stack with sacks or plastic film. When the center temperature of the pile rises to 55 ℃-60 ℃, maintain 12 ℃ for 24 hours to turn the heap, and when the temperature twice rises to 55 mol-60 mol, maintain 24 hours, and turn the heap again. The material changes color and gives off fragrance, and the fermentation can be finished. When the temperature of the material dropped to 30 ℃, the inoculation was carried out in bags.

Third, bagging inoculation: choose high-density polyethylene film tube, 20 Mel 22 cm wide, 40 mi 47 cm long, 0.02 Mel 0.025 mm thick, 0.7 Mel 0.8 kg of dry material, inoculated with two pockets. The method of operation is as follows: first tie one end of the film tube with a rope, start from the other end, first load a layer of bacteria, then load to close to the mouth of the tube, use a 2.5 cm diameter tapered stick, hit a vent from top to bottom, fill a small piece of bacteria into the hole, then sprinkle a layer of bacteria on the material surface to seal the top, and then fasten the mouth of the bag with polypropylene rope.

4. Stacking bacteria: after disinfection in the mushroom shed, the material bags that received the seeds are transported to the mushroom shed and the bacteria are stacked. The level of stacking should be determined according to the air temperature. When the temperature is high in summer and autumn, 2-4 layers are stacked, and the material bags are stacked into a "#" shape to facilitate heat dissipation and leave in and out the street; when the temperature is low in spring and winter, the bacterial bed should be covered with a layer of straw or wheat straw, and then covered with plastic film or straw curtain to keep warm, so as to increase the stacking temperature and promote mycelium growth. The key points of germ management are as follows: keep the temperature by ①, insert thermometer between bags regularly, and pay attention to the change of stack temperature. The best temperature is 25 ℃-30 ℃. When the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the stack should be scattered in time to increase the ventilation rate to prevent the mycelium from burning out at high temperature. When the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, try to increase the temperature and keep warm. ② ventilation: the mushroom shed is ventilated 3 times a day, each time for 30 minutes. When the temperature is high, it is ventilated in the morning and evening, and at noon when the temperature is low. ③ should be kept dry, and the air relative humidity in the mushroom shed should be 60% Murray 70%. The light of ④ is dark, and weak light is beneficial to the growth of mycelium. ⑤ turns the pile. After stacking, turn the stack once every 5 miles every 7 days, stack the lower material bag up, the upper layer down, inside and outside, so that the temperature is consistent and the bacteria are neat. ⑥ ventilation and oxygenation. In the early stage, the oxygen content in the bag can meet the needs of mycelium growth. With the increase of mycelium growth, the lack of oxygen content in the bag will affect the normal growth of mycelium.

When 15 days after inoculation, when the mycelium of each of the two ends of the bag is 3cm long, 10 holes can be pierced equidistantly around the bag with a pin at the back of the mycelium growth line, or 4 holes can be pierced from the mouth of the bag to the hole with sharpened bamboo chopsticks, or the tight rope at both ends of the bag can be slightly loosened, and the natural tension of the film at the mouth of the bag after loosening the rope can be used to let fresh air into the bag to provide oxygen. Promote the robust growth of mycelium.

5. Mushroom production management: when the cultivation bag is full of hyphae and moved into the mushroom shed for about 10 days, the bacterial bud can be formed. At this time, the room temperature should be controlled at 13 ℃-18 ℃, the air relative humidity should be 80% MUE 90%, and the air should be ventilated 5 times a day for 25 min each time. If the ventilation is poor, the mushroom body will be small and dense, and the long ventilation time will affect the temperature and humidity. When the cover of Pleurotus ostreatus is basically flattened and the color fades, it is harvested in time. After the first batch of mushrooms were harvested, the water was stopped for 3 days, and the remaining dead mushrooms and leftover mushroom stalks in the shed were cleaned in time, and then water was sprayed into the bag. Control the temperature to maintain humidity, promote the rapid recovery of mycelium, produce new mushroom buds, increase the times of mushroom production, and prolong the time of mushroom picking. The second crop can be picked after 10 Mel 15 days, and generally 3 Mel 4 stubble can be picked.